具有大开孔接管结构的椭圆封头边界效应

通过理论计算分析了椭圆封头大开孔结构的一般情况，即两个相互干涉的边界对封头结构性能的影响问题．发现当开孔率达到90％（即r／R=0．9）时，尽管两个干涉的边界相距很近，但开孔边界的应力集中问题仍然可以按接管边界单独存在的情况进行处理．这一发现表明，开孔率较大的情况下，边界效应的相互干涉和影响应当加以考虑的传统观点需要加以修改，从而为提供更简洁的工程设计方法打下了基础．     

钢包保护套管中弥散微小气泡的生成机理

向钢包保护套管中吹入惰性气体,利用套管中湍急的注流,可将气体离散为弥散微小气泡.通过计算套管中注流的能量分散强度,得出了套管中弥散微小气泡的最大尺寸,并采用伯努利方程分析了套管中注流的压力分布.理论计算结果与文献报道及实验室水模实验结果一致.     

两种喷管气流反推装置建模与发射性能对比分析

针对单药室喷管气流反推装置减后坐效率低、弹丸速度衰减严重的问题,提出双药室喷管气流反推减后坐技术.建立包含膛内和喷管内部气流参数的大口径武器内弹道及后效期的数学模型.对喷管武器进行试验,验证文中建立的包含喷管气流问题的内弹道及后效期数学模型的正确性.对比分析采用两种减后坐装置武器的弹丸初速、喷管减后坐效率、自动机运动特征量、后坐力等发射性能参数.结果表明:采用双药室喷管气流反推减后坐技术的武器,在保证弹丸初速几乎不变的前提下可以显著提升武器减后坐效能、大幅降低武器后坐力.      

Numerical study on soot removal in partial oxidation of methane to syngas reactors

The serious carbon deposition existing in catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) to syngas process is one of the key problems that impede its industrialization. In this study, 3-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations of the soot formation and oxidation in oxidation section in a heat coupling reactor were carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach incorporating the Moss-Brookes model for soot formation. The model has been validated and proven to be in good agreement with experiment results. Effects of nozzle type, nozzle convergence angle, channel spacing, number of channels, radius/height ratio, oxygen/carbon ratio, preheat temperature and additional introduction of steam on the soot formation were simulated. Results show that the soot formation in oxidation section of the heat coupling reactor depends on both nozzle structures and operation conditions, and the soot concentration can be greatly reduced by optimization with the maximum mass fraction of soot inside the oxidation reactor from 2.28% to 0.0501%, and so that the soot mass fraction at the exit reduces from 0.74% to 0.03%.     

氯化液脱溶剂Y型气流式喷嘴的雾化性能

研究了Y型气流式喷嘴对氯化聚氯化烯(CPVC)氯化液的雾化性能。实验结果显示:粒径的累积体积服从R osin-R amm ler分布;当氯化液质量流量一定时,滴径随蒸汽质量流量的1.346次方单调减小;蒸汽质量流量一定时,滴径随液体质量流量的0.371次方单调增加。通过对雾化过程影响因素的分析,采用三参数经验方程对实验数据进行了关联,计算结果与实验值最大相对误差为12.8%,平均相对误差为3.93%。     

旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性

以自来水为喷淋介质,对旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性进行试验研究.分析喷嘴流量和喷孔直径对喷淋角、液滴Sauter平均直径(SMD)的影响规律,研究旋流压力式喷嘴喷淋液滴尺寸分布、喷淋介质径向通量分布及喷淋周相均匀度.结果表明,喷嘴流量越大,喷淋角越大,液滴尺寸越小;喷孔直径增加,喷淋角和液滴尺寸均增大.低压喷淋液滴SMD集中在250～550μm之间,属于大颗粒,得出计算液滴SMD的关联式.喷淋通量在中心最大,喷嘴流量增大,边缘区喷淋通量逐渐增加,介质喷淋周相均匀性较好.实验结果可以为旋流压力式喷嘴,以及惰性粒子流化床干燥器的设计和改进,提供实验依据.     

不同液体介质的高压静电雾化试验研究

自行设计、组装高压静电雾化试验装置,研究同一环境下煤油、乳化剂和酒精3种不同液体介质在高压静电场中的雾化过程.结果表明:液体介质的表面张力和粘性力越小、电导率越大,静电雾化效果越好.煤油、乳化剂和酒精分别在40 V,10 kV和25 kV时达到最佳的雾化效果.     

Polycarbonate nanoparticles spray coated on silicon substrate using micro-electromechanical-systems-based high-frequency ultrasonic nozzle

Mono-disperse polycarbonate (PC) nanoparticles 20 nm in diameter was spray coated on silicon substrate using a novel high-frequency ultrasonic nozzle. Specifically, Bisphenol-A polycarbonate with a molecular weight (M_w) of approximately 6.4 × 10⁴ g/mol was first dissolved in pyridine. The resulting solution was sprayed into surfactant-containing de-ionized (DI) water using a 300 kHz silicon-based multiple-Fourier horn nozzle (MFHN). As pyridine was extracted into the water, PC nanoparticles formed but remained dispersed. This suspension of PC nanoparticles was then sprayed onto a silicon substrate using a 500 kHz 3-Fourier horn nozzle. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the dried substrate revealed that PC nanoparticles were spread uniformly with no aggregation.     

Padé–Legendre approximants for uncertainty analysis with discontinuous response surfaces

A novel uncertainty propagation method for problems characterized by highly non-linear or discontinuous system responses is presented. The approach is based on a Padé–Legendre (PL) formalism which does not require modifications to existing computational tools (non-intrusive approach) and it is a global method. The paper presents a novel PL method for problems in multiple dimensions, which is non-trivial in the Padé literature. In addition, a filtering procedure is developed in order to minimize the errors introduced in the approximation close to the discontinuities. The numerical examples include fluid dynamic problems characterized by shock waves: a simple dual throat nozzle problem with uncertain initial state, and the turbulent transonic flow over a transonic airfoil where the flight conditions are assumed to be uncertain. Results are presented in terms of statistics of both shock position and strength and are compared to Monte Carlo simulations.     

Prediction of entrance length and mass suction rate for a cylindrical sucking funnel

Conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy have been solved numerically for a cylindrical funnel with louvers (lateral openings on the side wall of the cylindrical funnel through which air can come into it) to compute the suction rate of air into the funnel. The nozzle placed centrally at the bottom of the cylinder ejects high‐velocity hot gaseous products so that atmospheric air gets sucked into the funnel. The objective of the work is to compute the ratio of the rate of mass suction to that of the mass ejected by the nozzle for different operating conditions and geometrical size of the funnel. From the computation it has been found that there exists optimum funnel diameter and optimum funnel height for which the mass suction is the highest. The protruding length of the nozzle into the funnel has almost no effect on the mass suction rate after a certain funnel height. The louvers opening area has a very high impact on the mass suction rate. The entrance length for such a sucking funnel is strikingly much lower compared with a simple cylindrical pipe having uniform flow at the inlet at same Reynolds number. A new correlation has been developed to propose the entrance length for a sucking pipe, the rate of mass suction into it and the exhaust plume temperature over a wide range of operating parameters that are normally encountered in a general funnel operations of naval or merchant ship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.