高效液相色谱法测定葡萄叶中5种芪化物

建立了同时检测葡萄叶片中白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)、云杉苷(piceide,PD)、ε-葡萄素(ε-viniferin)、δ-葡萄素(δ-viniferin)、紫檀芪(pterostilbene,PS)5种芪化物的高效液相色谱分析方法.采用Atlantis C18色谱柱 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为乙腈、水梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为306 nm;流速1 mL/min; 柱温30 ℃,外标法定量.结果显示: 5种芪化物的线性关系良好,相关系数在0.9990～0.9996之间;精密度、稳定性的RSD都低于5%;平均回收率为90.3%～114.0%,检出限为0.01～0.05 mg/L.本方法前处理简单、快速.应用本方法测定了葡萄叶片紫外诱导后5种芪化物的含量变化,结果令人满意.     

中华补血草不同器官Na^＋,K^＋含量的比较研究

本文研究表明:中华补血草不同器官以及同一器官不同部位Na~+、K~+离子的含量具有明显差异。中华补血草根Na~+、K~+含量高于地上部分,肉质根具有贮盐作用,幼龄叶的Na~+的含量低于中龄叶和老龄叶,而K~+的含量则相反。在根——茎部位中皮层部分的Na~+、K~+含量高于中柱部分。本文认为中华补血草不同器官的抗盐性是不同的。     

竹叶去硅方法的筛选及其细胞学研究

【目的】竹类植物是我国重要的经济植物资源,竹叶表皮细胞富含硅质,导致制片过程中切片易破碎,不能获得清晰完整的竹叶切片。开发竹叶切片处理方法,对于研究竹类植物叶片解剖结构具有重要的实践和应用价值。筛选有效的氢氟酸处理浓度以及时间是观察竹叶内部解剖结构的前提。【方法】采用石蜡制片的方法,以竹叶为材料,首先优化去硅环节,筛选出适用于竹叶的最佳氢氟酸浓度和时间;之后采用此最佳处理方法制片,观察竹叶内部细胞结构并结合去硅效果进行分析。【结果】通过对竹叶叶表皮和基本组织的形态解剖结构进行比较,发现真正影响竹叶完整石蜡切片制备的结构是叶片上下表皮的硅质细胞和主脉,这些结构使得制片易破碎,无法得到完整竹叶内部解剖结构。通过试验发现经过体积分数为25%的氢氟酸去硅处理2 d后再进行石蜡制片可以使竹叶上下表皮细胞和叶脉结构完整,得到理想的石蜡切片。【结论】竹叶去硅处理最佳氢氟酸体积分数为25%,处理时间以2 d为宜。     

碱改性泡桐树叶粉末对水中Pb~(2+)的吸附特性

生物吸附剂的改性方法不同,影响吸附剂性能和其对重金属离子的去除效果.本研究采用泡桐树叶粉末经Ca(OH)2改性后,吸附废水中Pb2+,并探讨了反应时间、吸附剂浓度、p H这三个因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,吸附剂浓度0.8 g/L,溶液p H为5,吸附60 min即可达到平衡,此时吸附量为60.43 mg/g,去除率为95.61%,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学模型描述.通过扫描电镜(SEM)发现泡桐树叶粉末经改性,表面变得松散粗糙;能谱分析(XPS)发现,吸附过程中发生了阳离子交换,Pb2+被吸附到泡桐粉末表面,而Ca2+被释放到溶液中.Ca(OH)2改性泡桐树叶粉末对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,可以用于重金属污染废水的处理.     

超声辅助提取桑葚多酚及抗氧化活性分析

采用超声辅助提取技术从桑葚中提取多酚,通过正交设计方法分别考察溶剂浓度、料液比和超声时间3个因素对桑葚多酚提取效果的影响,以优化桑葚多酚的提取工艺.并通过DPPH自由基抗氧化试验、ABTS+自由基清除试验和铁离子还原力来评价桑葚多酚的抗氧化活性.结果表明,桑葚多酚的最适提取工艺条件为:超声时间70 min,浸提溶剂70%乙醇,料液比1∶30(g∶m L).在此条件下总酚提取率为4.014%.在抗氧化活性试验中发现,在一定浓度范围内随样品浓度的增加其抗氧化能力越强.大孔吸附树脂纯化前后桑葚多酚的铁离子还原力、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.730、0.682、0.586 mg/m L和0.4536、0.556、0.290 mg/m L.由此可知,纯化前后桑葚多酚均具有较强的自由基清除能力,且纯化后的桑葚多酚抗氧化能力比纯化前的强,这表明多酚是桑葚抗氧化活性的物质基础.     

A Comparison between Different Agro-wastes and Carbon Nanotubes for Removal of Sarafloxacin from Wastewater: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

In the current study, eco-structured and efficient removal of the veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic sarafloxacin (SARA) from wastewater has been explored. The adsorptive power of four agro-wastes (AWs) derived from pistachio nutshells (PNS) and Aloe vera leaves (AV) as well as the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been assessed. Adsorbent derived from raw pistachio nutshells (RPNS) was the most efficient among the four tested AWs (%removal ‘%R’ = 82.39%), while MWCNTs showed the best adsorptive power amongst the five adsorbents (%R = 96.20%). Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to optimize the adsorption process. Two responses (‘%R’ and adsorption capacity ‘q_e’) were optimized as a function of four variables (pH, adsorbent dose ‘AD’ (dose of RPNS and MWCNTs), adsorbate concentration [SARA] and contact time ‘CT’). The effect of pH was similar for both RPNS and MWCNTs. Morphological and textural characterization of the tested adsorbents was carried out using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and BET analyses. Conversion of waste-derived materials into carbonaceous material was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Equilibrium studies showed that Freundlich isotherm is the most suitable isotherm to describe the adsorption of SARA onto RPNS. Kinetics’ investigation shows that the adsorption of SARA onto RPNS follows a pseudo-second order (PSO) model.     

Analysis of mandipropamid residual levels through systematic method optimization against the matrix complexity of sesame leaves using HPLC/UVD

An analytical method was developed to detect mandipropamid residues in sesame leaves using high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and were prepurified using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge with an additional dispersive‐SPE (d‐SPE) sorbent application. The method was validated using an external calibration curve prepared using pure solvent. The linearity was excellent with determination coefficient = 1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries at three spiking levels – 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg – were in the range 80.3–90.7% with relative standard deviations <2%. This method was applied to field‐treated samples collected from two different areas, Gwangju and Muan, in the Republic of Korea and the half‐lives were similar, 5.10 and 5.41 days, respectively. The pre‐harvest residue limit was also predicted for both sites. The proposed method is sensitive and able to quantify trace amounts of mandipropamid in leafy vegetables. The combination of SPE and d‐SPE effectively removed the matrix components in sesame leaves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加压毛细管电色谱法用于银杏叶的指纹图谱研究

采用反相加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)法,建立了银杏叶的pCEC指纹图谱.以芦丁为内标,确定银杏叶的pCEC指纹峰为29个.测定了10个产地银杏叶的pCEC指纹图谱,其中9个产地的指纹图谱相似度系数为0.900～0.991.本方法具有较好的精密度,各指纹峰相对迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)< 2.6 % ,相对峰面积的RSD≤3.5%.此方法样品和试剂用量少少,对复杂样品分离能力强,可用于银杏叶药材的质量控制.