超声辅助提取桑葚多酚及抗氧化活性分析

采用超声辅助提取技术从桑葚中提取多酚,通过正交设计方法分别考察溶剂浓度、料液比和超声时间3个因素对桑葚多酚提取效果的影响,以优化桑葚多酚的提取工艺.并通过DPPH自由基抗氧化试验、ABTS+自由基清除试验和铁离子还原力来评价桑葚多酚的抗氧化活性.结果表明,桑葚多酚的最适提取工艺条件为:超声时间70 min,浸提溶剂70%乙醇,料液比1∶30(g∶m L).在此条件下总酚提取率为4.014%.在抗氧化活性试验中发现,在一定浓度范围内随样品浓度的增加其抗氧化能力越强.大孔吸附树脂纯化前后桑葚多酚的铁离子还原力、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力IC50分别为0.730、0.682、0.586 mg/m L和0.4536、0.556、0.290 mg/m L.由此可知,纯化前后桑葚多酚均具有较强的自由基清除能力,且纯化后的桑葚多酚抗氧化能力比纯化前的强,这表明多酚是桑葚抗氧化活性的物质基础.     

低温贮存对桑叶蛋白质含量的影响

本文以云桑一号的桑叶为实验材料,在不同的冷藏温度和冷藏时间条件下,对不同种植模式和不同叶位的桑叶进行冷藏处理,测定桑叶中蛋白质含量,分析蛋白质的变化规律。结果表明:在0℃和10℃贮藏温度条件下,各类型桑叶贮藏8天后,0℃时桑叶蛋白质含量明显高于10℃时桑叶蛋白质;四边桑蛋白质含量明显高于校园桑和密植桑,上部叶中蛋白质含量明显高于中、下部叶片;随着贮藏时间的延长,各类型叶片的蛋白质平均含量均呈下降趋势,下降速率从快到慢依次为:四边桑上部叶、校园桑上部叶、四边桑中部叶、密植桑上部叶。     

Study of Chemical Compositions and Anticancer Effects of Paris polyphylla var. Chinensis Leaves

Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara is a perennial herb belonging to the Trilliaceae family. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q–TOF MS) was used to detect the composition of different fractions of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis leaves. Meanwhile, the extracts of different fractions were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against four selected human cancer cell lines and one human normal epithelial cell line based on the MTT assay method. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to screen differential compounds and to analyze the distributions between different fractions. Finally, more than 60 compounds were obtained and identified from the different fractions of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis leaves, and the chloroform and n−butanol extracts showed significant cytotoxic effects on these four cancer cells. Several compounds were preliminarily identified from different fractions, including 36 steroidal saponins, 11 flavonoids, 10 ceramides, 8 lipids, 6 organic acids, and 8 other compounds. Various compounds were screened out as different chemical components of different fractions, which were considered as a potential substance basis for the cytotoxicity of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis leaves.     

Study on Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Hemerocallis fulva (Daylily) Leaves

Hemerocallis fulva is a medical and edible plant. In this study, we optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process of extracting flavonoids from Hemerocallis fulva leaves by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum extraction conditions generating the maximal total flavonoids content was as follows: 70.6% ethanol concentration; 43.9:1 mL/g solvent to sample ratio; 61.7 °C extraction temperature. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the total flavonoid content (TFC) in eight Hemerocallis fulva varieties were determined, and H. fulva (L.) L. var. kwanso Regel had the highest TFC. The cytotoxicity of the extract was studied using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8 assay). When the concentration was less than 1.25 mg/mL, the extract had no significant cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells. The antioxidant activity was measured via chemical antioxidant activity methods in vitro and via cellular antioxidant activity methods. The results indicated that the extract had a strong ABTS and •OH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the extract had an excellent protective effect against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL, which could effectively reduce the level of ROS to 106.681 ± 9.733% (p < 0.001), compared with the 163.995 ± 6.308% of the H₂O₂ group. We identified five flavonoids in the extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the extract contained the structure of flavonoids. The results showed that the extract of Hemerocallis fulva leaves had excellent biocompatibility and antioxidant activity, and could be used as a cheap and potential source of antioxidants in the food, cosmetics, and medicine industries.     

高光谱成像的多种类柑橘病虫药害叶片检测方法研究

影响柑橘生长的病虫药害种类繁多,目前的检测方法大多针对单一病症,开发基于高光谱成像和机器学习的多种类柑橘病虫药害叶片快速精准检测方法,对果园精准施药和柑橘产业健康发展具有重要意义。以果园自然发病的柑橘叶片为研究对象,包括柑橘正常叶(50片)、溃疡病叶(50片)、煤烟病叶(103片)、缺素病叶(60片)、红蜘蛛叶(56片)和除草剂危害叶(85片),采集350～1 050 nm波段内的高光谱数据。分别利用一阶求导(1^stDer)、多元散射校正(MSC)和中值滤波(MF)方法对原始(Origin)高光谱数据进行预处理,对预处理后的高光谱数据采用主成分分析(PCA)和竞争性自适应重加权(CARS)算法提取特征波长,CARS降维得到的特征波长分别为10个、 5个、 12个和10个,4组PCA提取的特征波长均为7个,两种方法所得特征波长范围都集中在700～760 nm波段内。对全波段(FS)使用极限梯度提升树(XGBoost)算法,特征波长使用支持向量机(SVM)建立柑橘病叶多分类模型。采用XGBoost建立的检测识别模型有Origin-FS-XGBoost, 1^s...     

柿子叶制备碳量子点的光谱性质及对Fe3+的荧光探针

碳量子点作为碳纳米材料中的新成员,具有较高的光学稳定性、低毒性、良好水溶性、原料来源广泛、制备方法多样等多种优点,在分析检测、生物标记、光催化降解以及环境监测等领域具有广泛的应用前景,对碳量子点的研究引起了国内外学者极大兴趣。水中Fe³⁺含量的超标会对生活饮用和工业生产造成一定的危害,所以准确快速地检测水中Fe³⁺的含量,对人体健康具有重要的意义。目前,对Fe³⁺进行检测的方法有伏安法、荧光光谱法、电化学法以及火焰原子吸收光谱法等,其中荧光光谱法具有快速响应和方法简便的特点,比其他方法更有优势。以柿子叶为碳源,采用水热法制备了发蓝绿色荧光的碳量子点,通过X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱等技术对碳量子点的结构、微观形态和光谱学性质进行了详细表征。柿子叶制备的碳量子点呈现为分散均匀的球形颗粒,颗粒平均直径大约5.9 nm,碳量子点颗粒表面具有丰富的含氧官能团,在277 nm有明显的紫外吸收,可归因于CO的n→π^*跃迁。碳量子点的发射波长和荧光强度具有明显...     

刚竹毒蛾胁迫下毛竹叶绿素与叶光谱特征的关系及其变化

叶绿素是反映绿色植被健康状态的重要生理参数,虫害胁迫下叶绿素与叶光谱的变化机制较为复杂,深入剖析二者关系对于虫害检测有重要意义。以福建省南平市顺昌县为试验区,测定不同受害情景下毛竹叶叶绿素含量(SPAD)与叶光谱,采用Pearson相关法筛选叶光谱特征指标,建立叶SPAD的多元线性回归、岭回归、随机森林与XGBoost估测模型。通过比较光谱特征指标筛选结果及模型估测效果,分析刚竹毒蛾胁迫下毛竹叶绿素与叶光谱特征的关系及其变化。结果表明：(1)随着虫害程度上升,毛竹叶SPAD呈下降趋势;(2)较之于未受害状态,刚竹毒蛾胁迫下毛竹叶光谱特征发生明显变化,“绿峰”和“红谷”趋于消失,“红边”斜率减小,近红外波长反射率降低;(3)基于全样本拟合叶SPAD的最优光谱特征指标为VOG₂,R₅₁₅/R₅₇₀, CI_red, PRI与NDVI₇₀₅,最佳估测模型为多元线性回归模型(R²=0.753 7, RMSE=3.015 0);(4)基于不同受害程度样本拟合毛竹叶SP...     

原子吸收光谱法测定植物叶中微量重金属

用浓硝酸与高氯酸混酸消解植物叶,其中铜、锌及锰含量较高,可直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定;铅、镉及铬含量较低,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定;铅和镉含量甚微,受基体及共存元素干扰严重,用标准加入法消除干扰。     

一种长效复合铁肥矫治樟树缺铁黄化的评价

通过对杭州市钱塘江北岸滨海地区黄化樟树使用长效复合铁肥,研究了樟树叶片主要因子变化规律.结果表明,各处理均减少了叶片的全磷含量,增加了叶片的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、SPAD值、活性铁、全铁、全氮和全钾的含量,增加高低顺序为活性铁>过氧化氢酶>过氧化物酶>全钾>SPAD值>全铁>全氮.5 kg 肥料和7.5 kg 肥料发挥肥效迅速,5kg 肥料+25 kg 红土和7.5kg 肥料+25 kg 红土次之,5 kg 肥料+50kg 红土和7.5 kg 肥料+50kg 红土肥效发挥得最缓慢,在条件允许下,红土用量越多越好.叶片全磷含量为5kg 肥料>7.5kg 肥料,5kg 肥料+25kg 红土7.5kg 肥料+25kg 红土,5kg 肥料+50kg 红土>7.5 kg 肥料+50kg 红土,其余养分正好相反,在适宜的施肥料下,肥料越多,效果越好.不同取样时间养分变化规律性不强,仅SPAD值和活性铁变化规律一致,多数养分在8月较高;不同处理养分变化规律性不强;全磷与活性铁之间表现为拮抗作用,其余营养元素与活性铁之间表现为增效作用.     

黑麦草叶片超氧化物歧化酶

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和柱层析方法 ,从黑麦草叶片中分离得到纯的铜锌超氧化物岐化酶。经鉴定该酶是Cu·Zn SOD。测得其分子量约为 3 2 1 0 0 ,亚基分子量约 1 5 90 0。该酶的N 末端为丙氨酸 ,其紫外光区最大吸收峰在 2 5 4nm。该酶的热稳定性较好 ,65℃保温 1h仍保留活性 2 7%。氨基酸组成分析表明 ,黑麦草SOD由 2 1 2个氨基酸残基组成 ,而且不含色氨酸。