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31.
谢晓梅 《广东微量元素科学》2002,9(8):18-22
在预培红壤中加入定量的有机肥和葡萄糖及不同浓度的Cu,25℃培养14d,测定了土壤微生物生物量C(Cmic),N(Nmic)。结果表明,存在有机肥和葡萄糖时,土壤中Cmic和Nmic随着Cu浓度的增加而降低;Cmic/Nmic随着Cu浓度的增加而增大。施加有机肥和葡萄糖的土壤中,在所有Cu处理浓度下,土壤中Cmic和Nmic均比未加有机物质处理高,特别是有机肥处理中土壤Cmic和Nmic均比其它处理高得多,说明有机肥可明显减轻Cu对土壤微生物生物量的毒性,同时也说明有机肥可提供微生物N源。不含Cu时,加入有机肥和葡萄糖导致土壤中Cmic和Nmic增加,其中有机肥明显。 相似文献
32.
Three procedures, matrix matching, plasma optimisation and single-point standard-addition, have been evaluated to ascertain the best procedure for simultaneous multi-element analysis of industrial soils by ICP-AES with CCD detection. A standard reference material, CRM143 from the Bureau Communautaire de Réference (BCR), has been analysed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb using the three different matrix interference correction procedures. All three procedures give comparable results which are in good agreement with the BCR values, except for Cr. The single-point standard addition procedure was chosen, on the basis of economy and ease of implementation, to correct for matrix interferences in the determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and V in soil samples collected from an industrial site in England. Concentrations of some of the elements were found to vary greatly with sampling depth. For example, the concentration of Mn, determined using the atomic line at 279.920 nm, increased from 426 ± 3 g/g at a depth of 18–28 cm to 5996 ± 144 g/g at 60–85 cm. 相似文献
33.
Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by MMSPD-GC-NPD and Confirmation by GC-MS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel method, modified matrix solid-phase dispersion (MMSPD), has been developed for quantitative analysis of organophosphorus
pesticide residues in soil. It was based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and continuous liquid-solid extraction (continuous
LSE), using Florisil as sorbent and dichloromethane as the recycling solvent. Two soils with different texture and physicochemical
properties were studied to validate the method. The effect of residence time of pesticides in soil was also studied. MMSPD
was compared with MSPD and continuous LSE respectively. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus
detection (GC-NPD). The method gave recoveries ranging from 72–105% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 15%
for the pesticides studied. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 ng g−1. Two pesticide residues have been detected in real soil samples from Fujian, China, using MMSPD. The pesticides were confirmed
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode.
Revised: 4 and 9 April 2006 相似文献
34.
实验装置由PVC基管状流通钾离子选择电极和与它结合的流动注射分析体系两部分组成。对该体系的分析特点和影响测定的参数进行了讨论,建立了土壤浸提液中钾测定方法,样品分析结果和火焰光度法有良好一致性。 相似文献
35.
36.
0IntroductionRareearthsarenowappliedwidelyinChina,whichcanimprovecropsyieldsandthetheirqualit-ies犤1犦.Thebeneficialeffectsmaybeduetothestimu-latoryeffectsoftheseelementsonthenutrientuptakebyplantsorontheincreasingofchlorophyllsynthesisintheplants犤2犦.Whilealotofresearcheshavebeendoneontheimprovednutritionofcropsafterapplica-tionofrareearths,muchlessattentionhasbeenpaidtothedeteriorationofsoilqualityduetotheapplicationofrareearthsforyears犤3犦.Scientistshavediscoveredthataccumula… 相似文献
37.
Barros N. Feijóo S. Simoni A. Critter S. A. M. Airoldi C. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2000,63(2):577-588
The microcalorimetric method was used to calculate the metabolic enthalpy change per mol of glucose degraded by soil microorganisms,
ΔH
met. This parameter has been calculated by microcalorimetry for many organic, inorganic and biochemical reactions, but there
is only some information about its quantification for microbial growth reactions in soils. Values of ΔH
met were calculated for different soil samples collected in Galicia (Spain) and Campinas (Săo Paolo, Brazil). Exponential microbial
growth was stimulated in all soil samples by the addition of glucose and power-time curves were recorded. Results showed changes
in the values of ΔH
met calculated for all the soil samples, suggesting a dependence of this value with the microbial growth rate constant, with
the percentage of growth, with the initial number of microorganisms of soil samples, with the quantity of glucose added and
with the strain of bacteria growing in soil.
The interpretation of variations of ΔH
met provides important qualitative and quantitative information. It reports data that allow to interpret from a qualitative point
of view, the increase in biomass as a consequence of the degradation of the organic matter in soil, to understand changes
in the percentages of soil organic matter and to know if the microbial population growing in differential soil samples is
homogeneous. Therefore, to report that value would be very important in ecological studies, but beforehand, it is necessary
to solve some problems that can appear in the experiments done to make the quantification
.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
38.
Arsenic (As) is a toxic trace element that occurs naturally in groundwater and soils. Understanding the reactions of arsenite
(As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) with soil and mineral surfaces is critical for predicting the fate and transport of As in the
environment and developing better ways to remediate As-contaminated areas. This investigation uses X-ray absorption near edge
spectroscopy (XANES) to evaluate the solid phase oxidation state and mineral surface binding sites in three agricultural soil
samples from California, USA by fitting linear combinations of XANES spectra derived from several synthetic and well characterized
As(III)- and As(V)-treated model compounds (Fe and Al metal hydroxides and aluminosilicate illite clay mineral). The results
suggest that As(III) is either partially or completely oxidized to As(V) when reacted with soil in an aqueous, batch reaction.
The As(III)-treated Aiken soil was composed of 60% As(III) attached to surfaces similar to lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH)) and 40%
As(V) attached to aluminosilicate (illite). The Fallbrook soil completely oxidized As(III) and the product was As(V) adsorbed
on Al hydroxide (gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)3) (62%), illite (16%), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) (22%). The reaction of As(III) with Wyo soil resulted in 42% As(III) adsorbed
on surface similar to goethite and 58% As(V) adsorbed on lepidocrocite. Arsenic(V) adsorption on soil resulted in stable As(V)
surface complexes that were well described by XANES spectra from As(V) adsorption complexes on gibbsite, illite, and lepidocrocite. 相似文献
39.
土壤重金属生物有效性的评价方法 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
土壤重金属污染已成为人们广泛关注的全球性的环境问题之一。重金属生物有效性已成为污染生态学研究的前沿。对国内外土壤重金属生物有效性评价方法的研究进展作了简要综述,并对今后的研究作了展望。 相似文献
40.
The micellar extraction and enrichment of napropamide and thiabendazole using Genapol X 80 is described. Combined with their quantification by fluorescence, detection limits below 0.2 g/l with recovery rates of up to 95% were achieved. The recovery could be improved by lowering the extraction temperature and purificaton of the surfactants. This extraction method has been applied to the isolation and preconcentration of napropamide from standard soils. Experimental parameters affecting the recovery rates were examined. 相似文献