不同林地清理和培肥措施对桉树人工林植物多样性的影响

【目的】探讨不同林地清理方式下不同培肥措施对植物多样性的作用规律,为桉树人工林的可持续经营提供理论依据。【方法】基于两种不同林地清理(火烧清理和人工清理)和3种不同培肥措施(加炭C、加氮N和套种绿肥)处理试验,比较研究不同林地清理和培肥措施的独立和交互作用对桉树人工林下植物多样性的影响。【结果】火烧清理和人工清理4年后,火烧清理林地的物种丰富度显著低于人工清理林地(P0.001);两种清理方式下加C、加N和套种绿肥均明显改变植物群落的组成和结构,但优势种保持不变,均为蔓生莠竹、弓果黍、小花露籽草和五节芒(套种绿肥中的小花露籽草除外),显著降低植物多样性指数(包括Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数);两种清理方式各处理林下植物功能群谱完全相同,均表现为禾草植物木本植物蕨类植物藤本植物杂草植物入侵植物;两因素方差分析表明,火烧清理和人工清理条件下,加C、加N、套种绿肥处理均极显著影响林下植物多样性指数,林地清理方式与不同处理的交互作用也对林下植物多样性指数产生极显著的影响。【结论】火烧和人工清理林地及加C、加N、套种绿肥等培肥措施对林下植物多样性存在显著影响。从维护生物多样性的视角出发,在桉树人工林的经营中应尽量减少加C、加N和套种绿肥等培肥措施的应用。     

Preparation and characterization of new inorganic–organic hybrid catalyst H3PMo12O40/Hyd‐SBA‐15 and its application in the domino multi‐component reaction

We present novel inorganic–organic hybrid catalyst to accomplish domino multi‐component reaction (MCR) for synthesis of 3‐amino‐2′‐oxospiro[benzo[c]pyrano[3,2‐a]phenazine‐1,3′‐indoline]‐2‐carbonitrile/carboxylate derivatives. This methodology offers remarkable development by easy production of H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀/Hyd‐SBA‐15 in regard to solving the problem of using harsh catalysts, also it demonstrates to be impressive and environmentally friendly in term of low reaction times and high yields.     

Automatic hierarchy classification in venation networks using directional morphological filtering for hierarchical structure traits extraction

The extraction of vein traits from venation networks is of great significance to the development of a variety of research fields, such as evolutionary biology. However, traditional studies normally target to the extraction of reticulate structure traits (ReSTs), which is not sufficient enough to distinguish the difference between vein orders. For hierarchical structure traits (HiSTs), only a few tools have made attempts with human assistance, and obviously are not practical for large-scale traits extraction. Thus, there is a necessity to develop the method of automated vein hierarchy classification, raising a new challenge yet to be addressed. We propose a novel vein hierarchy classification method based on directional morphological filtering to automatically classify vein orders. Different from traditional methods, our method classify vein orders from highly dense venation networks for the extraction of traits with ecological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to automatically classify vein hierarchy. To evaluate the performance of our method, we prepare a soybean transmission image dataset (STID) composed of 1200 soybean leaf images and the vein orders of these leaves are manually coarsely annotated by experts as ground truth. We apply our method to classify vein orders of each leaf in the dataset. Compared with ground truth, the proposed method achieves great performance, while the average deviation on major vein is less than 5 pixels and the average completeness on second-order veins reaches 54.28%.     

10株葡萄源丝状真菌分离鉴定及其致病力分析

采用组织分离法从京郊地区腐烂的葡萄果实及葡萄叶上分离到10株丝状真菌,其中从腐烂的葡萄果实中分离到3株丝状真菌,命名为814#、815#和880#；从葡萄叶上分离到7株丝状真菌,命名为794#、797#、798#、811#、902#、903#和1397#。结合形态学特征及真菌rDNA ITS区序列分析结果,菌株814#为茎点霉(Phoma sp.),菌株815#为刺孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus),菌株880#为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),菌株794#为日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus),菌株797#为粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum),菌株798#为大蒜盲种葡萄孢(Botrytis porri), 菌株811#为果生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum fructicola),菌株902#为链格孢菌(Alternaria eichhorniae),菌株903#为芬芳镰孢菌(Fusarium redolens)和菌株1397#为脉孢菌(Neurospora terricola),其中A. aculeatus、A. japonicus、C. fructicola、A. eichhorniae、F. redolens和N. terricola未见在葡萄上分离到的报道。将10株丝状真菌分别接种到健康的葡萄、圣女果、苹果和梨果实上,B. cinerea、A. japonicus、A. aculeatus、T. roseum、B. porri、C. fructicola、A. eichhorniae和F. redolens均可使4种果实发病,其中B. cinerea、A. japonicus、B. porri和F. redolens致病力较强；而Phoma sp.和N. terricola只能使葡萄和圣女果发病。     

基于植物形态标记的福建常见榕树聚类分析

对福建省30种常见榕属植物的22个性状进行形态聚类分析,结果表明:榕属植物各种之间的平均欧氏距离是5.336 8,欧氏距离最近的是日本匍茎榕和珍珠莲,为1.715 5;硬叶榕和大果榕的欧氏距离最远,为9.770 7.从形态标记聚类图可看出,在纵切线位置(欧氏距离为7.575 1)可将福建省30种常见榕属植物分为6个类群,第1类包括6种榕属植物;第2类包括16种榕属植物;第3类、第5类有3种榕属植物;第4类、第6类只有1种榕属植物.研究结果为福建省榕属植物的分类提供可借鉴的资料.     

第三磨牙发育以及形态的研究

目的 探讨第三磨牙牙冠与牙根的形态特征,为第三磨牙的拔除与保留提供理论依据.方法 利用曲面断层片对第三磨牙的牙冠宽度、牙冠高度、牙根长度、牙颈宽度、牙根尖宽度5个指标进行测量,并对男女不同性别第三磨牙形态大小进行t检验,比较磨牙形态差异.结果 在5个测量指标中,男性测量值均大于女性,经统计分析男女下颌第三磨牙形态测量差异无统计学意义,上颌第三磨牙的牙根长度与牙根尖宽度的差异存在统计学意义.结论 男性第三磨牙较女性粗大;男女下颌第三磨牙形态大小差异较上颌第三磨牙小.     

Synthesis of Privileged Scaffolds by Using Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis

An elegant reagent‐controlled strategy has been developed for the generation of a diverse range of biologically active scaffolds from a chiral bicyclic lactam. Reduction of the chiral lactam with LAH or alkylation with LHMDS to trigger different cyclization reactions have been shown to generate privileged scaffolds, such as pyrrolidines, indolines, and cyclotryptamines. Their amenability to substitution allows us to create various compound libraries by using these scaffolds. In silico studies were used to estimate the drug‐like properties of these compounds. Selected compounds were subjected to anticancer screening by using three different cell lines. In addition, all these compounds were subjected to antibacterial screening to gauge the spectrum of biological activity that was conferred by our DOS methodology. Gratifyingly, with no additional iterative cycles, our method directly generated anticancer compounds with potency at low nanomolar concentrations, as represented by spiroindoline 14 .     

Survey study and experimental investigation on the local behavior of pedestrian groups

Current research on pedestrian dynamics mainly focuses on the interactions among isolated individuals, the impact of the presence of groups is not fully considered. In recent 5 years, researchers have started to investigate pedestrian group movement. The aim of this work is to explore the local behavior of pedestrian groups by questionnaires and field observation. Survey study focused on pedestrians' psychology when walking in groups, which included five parts: group size, interpersonal distance, spatial relationship among group members, speed adjustment of group members, information transmission, and acid action among group members. Meantime a field observation was carried out to study group movement characteristics, which contained speed, step frequency, offset angle and interpersonal distance. The survey results show that group members have a closer interpersonal distance, faster information transmission and plenty of acid action. Conversely, group walking has a negative influence on pedestrian's speed, step frequency by comparing with the way isolated pedestrian walks. In addition, it is found that for a certain group, the group members are able to keep movement consistent. Also there exists obvious movement diversity among different group types (male dyads, female dyads, couple groups, and ordinary‐friend groups) because of different gender and social relationship. Ultimately the results will be more promising for helping to model the movement of pedestrian groups. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 87–97, 2015     

基于高通量测序技术的阳极生物膜群落结构

利用高通量测序技术对阳极生物膜的微生物群落结构进行了分析.实验结果表明,高通量测序能够高效地获取电化学生物膜的群落结构信息,产电模式菌Geobacter属在生物膜中占据着优势地位,其数量比例达到30%左右,其次的主要菌属为Thermovirga,Thauera和Syntrophorhabdus.对比电化学活性丧失前后的生物膜发现,虽然Geobacter菌属在丧失了电化学活性的生物膜中仍然占据统治地位,但是放线菌门的细菌增长显著,其数量比例远高于正常阳极生物膜的0.5%,有可能是抑制生物膜电化学活性的因素之一.