弹性体型聚氨酯和聚碳酸酯共混物的形态结构

用ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ和ＳＡＸＳ研究了溶液共混的弹性体型聚氨酯（ＰＵ）／聚碳酸酯（ＰＣ）共混物的结构。结果表明，ＰＵ／ＰＣ为部分相容体系；共混过程中，溶剂ＤＭＦ的诱导作用使ＰＣ形成结晶，其长周期与ＰＵ硬段形成微相的长周期相近     

南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

【目的】 南京椴(Tilia miqueliana)为江苏省重要的乡土树种,野外资源稀缺。南京椴野外群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的探索,可为资源保护、品种选育及遗传改良提供依据。【方法】 以南京椴5个天然群体[江苏宝华山(P1)、牛首山(P2)、安徽皇藏峪(P3)、安徽蜀山(P4)和浙江天台山(P5)]93个体为实验材料,选用15对多态性EST-SSR引物,进行遗传多样性及群体遗传结构分析。【结果】 ①用15对引物共检测等位基因数(A)总和为96,平均值为6.4,四倍体基因型(G)和四倍体特异基因型(G_i)总和分别为441和251,特异基因型比率(R₁)和种质鉴别率(R₂)均值分别为45.73%和17.99%。②在5个群体中,每个位点等位基因数(A_loc)和四倍体基因型丰富度均值(G_loc)分别为5.50±2.43和9.41±4.29;平均观测杂合度(H_o)和平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.61±1.43和0.62±0.14。参考各群体G_loc和H_e值,确定遗传多样性较高的群体为P1和P3。③群体间遗传分化较小,遗传分化系数(G_st)仅为0.030;AMOVA分子变异分析显示,群体多样性水平变异来自于群体内(96%)。④聚类和遗传结构Structure分析显示,5个群体可划分为2组(组1包括P1、P2和P5;组2包括P3和P4)。Mental检验结果表明遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关。【结论】 南京椴群体均具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中宝华山群体和皇藏峪群体多样性较高,群体扩张可能是以这两个种群为中心,经人类活动迁移至其他区域。但南京椴群体间未形成明显分化,主要是由于植株寿命长,群体缺乏自然更新,加之群体间存在人为种子传播。因此,本研究提出通过建立隔离区,明确优先保护群体、加大植株异交,并采用人工繁育及种质回迁的方式保护南京椴野外群体。     

基于荧光SSR标记的紫薇遗传多样性分析

【目的】以收集的239份紫薇属(Lagerstroemia)种质和1份黄薇属(Heimia)种质为材料,开展种质种间特征分析和紫薇种内资源的遗传多样性分析,为进一步优化紫薇种质资源收集保存及合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】基于16对荧光引物鉴定样品基因型,利用GeneMarker软件进行基因型数据的读取;对239份紫薇属种质和1份黄薇属种质进行特征位点分析;并利用Popgene、Cervus、NTSYS和GenAlEx软件对227份紫薇种质进行遗传多样性参数估算、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】紫薇(L.indica)种内的特征位点信息最为丰富,其中15个引物所体现出的特征位点信息中,紫薇都有其独特的位点区别于其他6个种,而在福建紫薇(L.limii)、川黔紫薇(L.excelsa)和尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)中也有部分特异的特征位点是紫薇中没有的;16对紫薇SSR荧光引物共检测出143个等位基因,平均每个位点有8.938个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数(N_e)为3.600,Shannon’s信息指数(I)均值为1.459,观测杂合度(H_o)均...     

Structural aspects of antibody-antigen interaction revealed through small random peptide libraries

Summary Two small random peptide libraries, one composed of 4550 dodecapeptides and one of 8000 tripeptides, were synthesized in newly developed credit-card format miniPEPSCAN cards (miniPEPSCAN libraries). Each peptide was synthesized in a discrete well (455 peptides/card). The two miniPEPSCAN libraries were screened with three different monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Two other random peptide libraries, expressed on the wall of bacteria (recombinant libraries) and composed of 10⁷ hexa- and octapeptides, were screened with the same three Mabs. The aim of this study was to compare the amino acid sequence of peptides selected from small and large pools of random peptides and, in this way, investigate the potential of small random peptide libraries. The screening of the two miniPEPSCAN libraries resulted in the identification of a surprisingly large number of antibody-binding peptides, while the screening of the large recombinant libraries, using the same Mabs, resulted in the identification of only a small number of peptides. The large number of peptides derived from the small random peptide libraries allowed the determination of consensus sequences. These consensus sequences could be related to small linear and nonlinear parts of the respective epitopes. The small number of peptides derived from the large random peptide libraries could only be related to linear epitopes that were previously mapped using small libraries of overlapping peptides covering the antigenic protein. Thus, with respect to the cost and speed of identifying peptides that resemble linear and nonlinear parts of epitopes, small diversity libraries based on synthetic peptides appear to be superior to large diversity libraries based on expression systems.Abbreviations ABTS 2,2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate - EGF epidermal growth factor - Mab monoclonal antibody - OD_ccd optical density obtained using CCD camera - RAMPO rabbit-antimouse peroxidase - SDS sodium dodecylsulfate - TGEV transmissible gastroenteritis virus     

基于工艺形态学理论的工艺数据库设计

工艺形态学是一种新的工艺方法分类理论,文章阐述了工艺形态学理论的基本概念,应用工艺形态学理论对各种工艺方法进行了系统化的分析与描述,建立了相应的工艺方法分类原则和分类代码,在此基础上,建立了工艺数据库。     

北京蹄盖蕨属孢子形态的研究

本文利用扫描电子显微镜辅以光学显微镜的方法,详细观察并描述了北京蹄盖蕨科蹄盖蕨属５种即东北蹄盖蕨（Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｂｒｅｖｉｆｒｏｎｓ）,河北蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｈｅｂｅｉｅｎｓｅ）,中华蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ）,多齿蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｍｕｌｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｍ）,华北蹄盖蕨（Ａ．ｐａｃｈｙｐｈｌｅｂｉｕｍ）孢子的形态结构,讨论了各种间的差异,为蹄盖蕨科系统分类提供孢粉学方面的依据。     

新疆植物物种多样性的特点分析

新疆土地面积占全国１／６,约１６４．６８万ｋｍ２,位于欧亚大陆腹地,景观与地形复杂,气候变化明显,植物种质资源特殊。新疆高等植物４０８１种（包括２２９亚种、变种与变型）,隶属于１６１科８７７属,新疆植物多样性的特点如下：１）单种科、单种属及寡种属丰富,分别为８０科、３７４属及３１５属。２）短命及类短命植物丰富,已知的有２３２种,隶属于２７科１１４属,主要分布于准噶尔盆地边缘。３）新疆特有种稀少,但中国、塔什库尔干、天山、阿尔泰山、昆仑山及帕米尔高原的特有种特别丰富。４）近５０年以来,发表的新疆新分类群较多,有３６０余种。５）中国仅分布于新疆的植物有１７７３种,其中１００种以上的科有４科（豆科,伞形科,菊科,禾本科）,总数为６２２种;８０种以上的科也有４科,总数为３３１种。最后,对新疆极端环境下的植物种质资源及栽培植物的野生近缘种的保护问题提出了几点建议。     

云南楚雄市鸟类多样性的研究

对楚雄市鸟类栖息环境：即城市市区,城市绿化区,工矿区,农田耕作区,自然保护区的调查,共记录鸟类７２种,隶属于１３目２６科,总计１１４２只个体,并运用物种多样性测定法（Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎｗｅａｖｅｒ指数和Ｓｉｍｐｓｎ指数）评价各环境中鸟类多样性,讨论了有关鸟类物种多样性与栖息环境的关系及其与人类活动干扰程度的关系．     

贺兰山苔藓植物物种多样性,生物量及生态学作用的研究

研究了贺兰山不同海拔高度主要林型种苔藓植物物种多样性,生物量和生态学作用,结果表明,云杉林下藓类地层的生物量最高,９１４７．７ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,是林灌木和草本植物总生物量的９．２倍,在饱和吸水状态下,可贮存水２０１７４．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,通过随机取样按海拔高度,林型和土壤类型等梯度对贺兰苔藓植物被进行了调查,影响苔藓植物生长和分布的主要生态因子是光照,相对湿度,海拔高度和土壤ｐＨ对出现在群落中包拓苔     

From solution-phase to solid-phase enyne metathesis: crossover in the relative performance of two commonly used ruthenium pre-catalysts

A crossover in the ability of two distinct ruthenium-based metathesis pre-catalysts to effect the synthesis of dialkenylboronic esters in solution and on the solid-phase was observed. Specifically, while the Grubbs 2nd generation pre-catalyst 3 affords a greater degree of conversion to product than the Hoveyda-Grubbs pre-catalyst 2 in a solution-phase enyne-metathesis reaction, this trend is reversed in the solid-phase variant. Systematic investigation showed this trend to be general, regardless of variations in the homoallylic alcohol and alkynylboronic ester components of the reaction, as well as in the type of solid support employed. Experiments to determine a mechanistic hypothesis for this trend highlighted the significance of the ruthenium remaining bound to the substrate after metathetic rearrangement and found the presence of phosphine ligand to be detrimental to the success of the solid-phase reaction. Therefore, these results suggest an expanded role for phosphine-free pre-catalysts, such as 2, in challenging solid-phase metathesis reactions.