Adsorption‐Induced Restructuring and Early Stages of Carbon‐Nanotube Growth on Ni Nanoparticles

Carbon adsorption on various Ni surfaces is investigated as a function of coverage via a combination of first‐principles simulations and field emission microscope experiments. It is found that carbon can be efficiently stored as subsurface carbides, but with different energetics on differently oriented surfaces depending on their compactness and density of adsorption sites. In the resulting morphological reshaping, {113} facets are predicted to grow at the expense of {111} and {100} facets, in excellent agreement with experimental observations. Moreover, at high coverage on the {113} surface the carbon adsorption energy passes through a maximum after which a structural crossover is realized such that carbon atoms tend to ascend to the surface to form one‐dimensional chains (which are the precursors of graphitic nanostructures). This rationalizes the experimental observation of an incubation time between carbon storage and the beginning of catalytic growth, and provides insight into the early stages (nucleation mechanism) of carbon nanotubes on Ni nanoparticles.     

General Information to Obtain Spherical Particles with Ordered Mesoporous Structures

Conditions for the synthesis of aluminum organophosphonate (AOP) and aluminophosphate (AlPO) spheres containing periodic mesopores were optimized and demonstrated to be general morphological controls for the surfactant‐assisted synthesis of mesoporous materials. High‐quality AOP and AlPO spheres with uniform mesopores were obtained at low and high temperatures, respectively. The aerosol‐assisted synthesis of materials with uniform mesopores was categorized by using the difference in relative density of soluble AOP and AlPO oligomers that interact with ethylene oxide (EO) units in EO_nPO_mEO_n triblock copolymer (PO=propylene oxide). Then, ordered mesoporous structures are constructed with the adequate amount of species in resultant frameworks, and the number of interactive points in soluble species determines the resultant density of the frameworks after self‐assembly. Consequently, temperature‐dependent synthesis, which allows controlled infiltration of soluble species to match the density of resultant frameworks, is required for the formation of ordered mesoporous structures under morphological control.     

Morphological evolution and orientation development of stretched iPP films: Influence of draw ratio

Varying the processing conditions of semicrystalline polymers can produce different morphologies of crystallization, which leads to different properties. There have been extensive studies of flow‐induced crystallization on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) using predominantly shear flow. A stretching method, deduced from extrusion, was introduced to study the morphological evolution of elongation‐induced shish‐kebab crystallization. Different morphologies of the resultant samples with different draw ratios (DRs) were carefully investigated and characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and 2D small‐angle X‐ray scattering. In addition, the degree of orientation of the samples with different DRs was also investigated using the 2D wide‐angle X‐ray scattering technique. The results indicate that the elongation‐induced morphology is strongly dependent on the effective stretching flow expressed in terms of the DR, which is defined as the ratio of rates between take‐up and the extrusion. The spherulite is dominant at low DRs, but it starts to deform along the stretching direction with increasing DR. The shish‐kebab structure in the stretched film, composed of stretched chains (shish) and layered crystalline lamellae (kebabs), increases gradually with an increase in the DR, whereas the spherulites gradually decreased. Furthermore, the overall orientation of α‐phase crystals, expressed by the Hermans orientation parameter, is also found to increase dramatically with the DR, and the rate of increase strongly depends on the DR. The different crystal morphologies are attributed to crystallization induced by different elongations of the stretched iPP films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1223–1234, 2010     

解剖实验室建设与实验教学的体会

通过加强解剖实验室建设,丰富解剖实验教学的教学手段,强化实验教学的问题意识,改革实验考核方式,同时针对专业特点开展"第二课堂"教学,实现最大程度上的与专业需求相适应和对接,从而有效地提高解剖教学质量.     

蒙授“运动解剖学”教学研究与学业成绩评析

运用教育测量学的理论和方法，对98级蒙语授课班开设“运动解剖学”课程前后的测验结果，进行量化分析和对比，从中透视教学中存在的问题，探索提高教学质量的有效途径。     

Morphological changes during heating in poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blend systems as studied by synchrotron X‐ray scattering

Blends of poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared in various compositions via melt mixing, and the morphological changes were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of PLA/PBS blends showed two distinct melting peaks over the entire composition range. The exothermal peak for PLA shifted significantly to a lower temperature and overlapped with that of PBS around 100 °C. A depression of the melting point of the PLA component via blending was observed. The synchrotron wide‐angle X‐ray scattering during heating revealed that there was no cocrystallization or crystal modification via blending. The synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering data showed that well‐defined double‐scattering peaks (or peaks with a clear scattering shoulder) appeared during crystallization, indicating that this system possessed dual lamellar stacks. These peaks were deconvoluted into two components with a peak separation computer program, and then the morphological parameters of each component were obtained by means of the correlation function. The long period and average lamellar thickness of the two components before melting decreased with an increasing content of the other polymer component. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 1931–1939, 2002     

青海环湖型牦牛脾脏的形态观测

对青海环湖型牦牛脾脏的解剖观测表明,脾脏位于左季肋部瘤胃背囊左前背侧,呈脏面略凹,壁面稍凸,背侧端略宽,腹侧端稍窄的扁平长椭圆形。脾门位于背侧端的脏面近前缘处。脾脏长、宽、厚度分别为(52 11±4 18)cm,(13 26±1 17)cm、(1 29±0 28)cm,脾脏平均重(553 31±80 25)g,占体重的0 30%。     

Hybrid Optical-Electronic Implementation of Morphological Edge Detection

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基于固有时间尺度分解与多尺度形态滤波的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了准确提取出滚动轴承的故障特征并对轴承状态进行评估,提出了一种固有时间尺度分解(intrinsic time-scale decomposition,ITD)与多尺度形态滤波相结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。首先,采用ITD方法将滚动轴承故障信号分解成多个固有旋转分量(proper rotation,PR);然后,对比各个PR分量与原始信号的相关性;最后,采用多尺度形态滤波算法对相关性较大PR分量进行滤波降噪,并提取滚动轴承故障特征频率。采用所建立方法对轴承外圈故障和内圈故障实验数据进行分析。结果表明,所提出的故障特征提取方法能够有效抑制噪声,清晰准确地提取出滚动轴承故障特征频率。     

岩石结构面的表面形态特征研究

本文用理论分析和数值模拟方法对具有不同粗糙度和起伏度的岩石结构面的形态特征作了定量研究, 着重研究了结构面表面形态参数与基本形态特征参数的关系, 并研究了它们的采样效应。得到了一系列在建立表面形态参数与物理量相互关系时对合理选用表面形态参数有重要意义的结果, 并可为选取合理的采样间隔和最小采样长度提供依据。