悬链线模型在系泊系统设计中的应用--2016年全国大学生数学建模竞赛A题解答评述

通过力和力矩的平衡、悬链线方程等给出2016年全国大学生数学建模竞赛A题的一种解答,并对学生答卷的不同方法和结果进行简单的点评。     

单链系泊浮体受外碰撞时的锚链动态张力

介绍系泊浮体受外碰撞时锚链动态张力计算方法,并对动态张力的若干问题进行了讨论．     

转塔式锚泊系统的动力分析

采用时域分析方法计算转塔式锚泊系统的动力响应问题,并对系泊在水深３５０ｍ的常规的转塔式锚泊系统进行了分析研究．计算结果与响应模型试验进行了比较,两者吻合较好．在此基础上,对系泊在水深４００ｍ和１２００ｍ的常规及具有浮筒的转塔式锚泊系统在各种环境条件作用下的运动和受力进行了分析研究,提出了对深海转塔式锚泊系统应注意的问题,这对深海石油开采装置的研究具有一定的实用意义     

Investigation on optimization design of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system

The oil industry is now increasingly concentrating their efforts and activities in connection with developing fields in deeper waters, ranging typically from 500 m to 3000 m worldwide. However, the modeling of a full-depth system has become difficult presently; no tank facility is sufficiently large to perform the testing of a complete FPS with compliant mooring in 1000 m to 3000 m depth, within reasonable limits of model scale. Until recently, the most feasible procedure to meet this challenge seems to be the so-called “hybrid model testing technique”. To implement this technique, the first and important step is to design the equivalent water depth truncated mooring system. In this work, the optimization design of the equivalent water depth truncated mooring system in hybrid model testing for deep sea platforms is investigated. During the research, the similarity of static characteristics between the truncated and full depth system is mainly considered. The optimization mathematical model for the equivalent water depth truncated system design is set up by using the similarity in numerical value of the static characteristics between the truncated system and the full depth one as the objective function. The dynamic characteristic difference between the truncated and full depth mooring system can be minished by selecting proper design rule. To calculate the static characteristics of the mooring system, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the static equilibrium equation of the single mooring line. After the static characteristic of the single mooring line is calculated, the static characteristic of the whole mooring system is calculated with Lagrange numerical interpolation method. The mooring line material database is established and the standard material name and the diameter of the mooring line are selected as the primary key. The improved simulated annealing algorithm for continual & discrete variables and the improved complex algorithm for discrete variables are employed to perform the optimization calculation. The C++ programming language is used to develop the computer program according to the object-oriented programming idea. To perform the optimization calculation with the two algorithms mentioned above respectively and the better result is selected as the final one. To examine the developed program, an example of equivalent water depth truncated mooring system optimum design calculation on a 100,000-t, turret mooring FPSO in water depth of 320 m are performed to obtain the conformation parameters of the truncated mooring system, in which the truncated water depth is 160 m. The model test under some typical environment conditions are performed for both the truncated and the full depth system with model scale factor λ=80. After comparing the corresponding results from the test of the truncated system with those from the full depth system test, it’s found that the truncated mooring system design in this work is successful. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10602055 and 40776007) and the Natural Science Foundation of China Jiliang University (Grant No. XZ0501)     

漂浮式海上风电机组动力学仿真分析

通过计算机仿真技术,分析深海漂浮式风力发电机组的动力学特性.首先分别建立海上浮式平台的水动力学模型和基于动态入流理论的风轮空气动力学数值模型,然后将其施加到由“风轮-机舱-塔筒-系泊系统”组成的多柔体系统动力学模型上,并由Fortran语言编程计算,将分析模型和结果导入到ADAMS进行可视化及后处理,最后,以美国NREL基本型5MW风电机组数据为基础,对漂浮式风力机系统和近海的定桩式风力机系统进行动力学分析对比,研究结果表明:漂浮式海上风电机组在运行过程中,其浮式平台承受水动力而产生摇荡运动,气动载荷与水动力相互耦合对整机结构动力响应及功率波动有着明显影响.     

深海风暴的原位观测

 深海风暴是高悬浮颗粒浓度水体在深海近海底的快速运动,能够损坏甚至摧毁一切障碍物,改变海底地形,影响深海底栖生态环境,但对其发生过程和沉积记录的认识尚缺乏原位观测研究。选择南海东北部台湾岸外高屏海底峡谷堤岸,通过布放锚系原位观测了2016年9月一次由浊流活动引发深海风暴的沉积物弥散发生过程,发现其表现为近海底悬浮颗粒浓度快速增加,并伴随温度升高和盐度降低。研究认为,深海风暴的沉积物弥散是海底峡谷沉积纹层形成的主要动力过程。     

基于神经网络的系泊系统主动式截断试验仿真

系泊系统主动式截断试验技术对缆索数值模型的求解速度有着较高的要求,而基于集中质量模型或有限元模型的缆索数值模型在计算时需要在每个时间步内迭代求解,因此求解速度缓慢。为解决此问题,采用神经网络辨识得到缆索上端点与截断点运动的时域等价近似模型。该等价模型在每个时间步内无需迭代求解,因此求解速度快于传统的缆索数值模型。同时利用商软OrcaFlex以及Matlab搭建了系泊系统主动式截断试验的仿真平台,将离线辨识得到的神经网络模型代替集中质量模型对缆索截断点运动进行求解。通过对比截断水深以及全水深下张力以及运动结果,说明了神经网络模型代替传统数值模型进行截断点运动计算的可行性。     

基 于 悬 链 线 理 论 的 系 泊 系 统 势 能

为研究系泊系统在定位过程中的势能变化,使用悬链线公式,推导了3种常见系泊方式系缆的构形及张力分布.分析了下端点固定的单根锚泊线的重力势能和弹性势能随上端点位置的变化情况,对比了势能间接求导所得的水平张力与直接计算所得的水平张力,发现两者吻合良好,符合能量守恒定律,验证了势能计算结果的准确性.针对系泊系统由9根复合缆组成的深水平台,分析了其系泊系统势能随浮体水平位置的变化情况,比较了各浪向上的位移与回复力关系,发现其系泊性能在各个浪向上接近,对环境适应能力强.针对系泊系统破损的工况,计算得到了系泊系统势能分布图以及各浪向上的位移与回复力关系,发现使用势能分布法能全面有效地反映系泊系统的各个方向性能,具有重要的工程参考价值.     

开敞式码头汨位长度优化试验研究

通过系泊船舶物理模型试验,在不同泊位长度和带缆方式下,针对目前世界上最大的26.6×104m3液化天然气运输,船进行了多种环境荷载作用下缆绳张力及船舶运动量的研究.以减小系泊船舶运动量和均化各缆力为优化目标,对开敞式码头泊位的不同长度方案及LNG船舶系靠泊状态时的运动量和系缆力进行了分析,提出了泊位长度的优化方案,为码...     

基于级联FIR滤波器的系泊精对准算法

舰船的系泊环境存在风浪和浪涌,这些因素引起捷联惯导系统对准过程中的不确定性干扰加速度,提出一种基于级联FIR低通数字滤波器的惯性系Kalman滤波精对准算法。高频随机干扰加速度在通过级联FIR低通数字滤波器后被滤除,近似周期性干扰通过积分运算,正负部分基本抵消,因此该算法可以有效抑制系泊环境下的不确定性干扰。江上系泊对准结果为:水平精度0.02°,航向精度0.06°。试验结果表明该方案能有效完成精对准,对准精度达到中等导航精度要求。