Uranium association with corroding carbon steel surfaces

We investigated the association of uranium with clean and corroded surfaces of 1010 carbon steel. Studying steel contaminated by uranium species will have an important effect on the development of methods used to clean radioactively contaminated metal waste. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy and laboratory‐based Fourier transform infrared analysis of steel surfaces exposed to uranyl nitrate showed the presence of crystallized hydrated uranyl oxides, uranyl hydroxides, iron oxyhydroxides and iron oxides. In general, heavily corroded areas physically shield the uranium species, which tended to associate spatially with hydroxyl groups and lepidocrocite. Lightly corroded areas contained uranium species with stronger axial U–O bonding. Infrared spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy mapping analysis revealed that the uranium species are well distributed within the upper micron of the thick corrosion layer and associated more with areas of high hydroxide content. Parameters such as the concentration of uranyl nitrate solution used to expose the carbon steel coupons, the method of contamination (dipped or sprayed with dilute uranyl nitrate solution) and the degree of corrosion (accelerated corrosion before and/or after contamination) played significant roles in the distribution and nature of the uranyl hydroxide/iron oxyhydroxide corrosion products found on the surface of all coupons. These factors must be considered in the development and optimization of decontamination processes for metal waste. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RP-HPLC study of redox equilibria in vanadium-PAR binary and ternary systems: Direct determination of vanadium in steel

The reversed-phase high-performance liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) behaviour of the binary chelates of V(V) and V(IV) with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) and ternary chelates of vanadium with PAR and auxiliary ligands: hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylamine, tartrate and citrate were studied using a C₁₈ column. The complex double-peak chromatograms of V(IV)/V(V)-PAR systems were studied and the origin of each peak was proved. Vanadium in ternary systems with PAR and hydrogen peroxide was found exclusively in V(V)-H₂O₂-PAR complex (single peak on the chromatogram) despite its initial oxidation state. The double role of hydroxylamine (complex agent and reductor) in vanadium systems with PAR was confirmed: in the V(V) system three species were identified (V(V)-PAR, V(V)-NH₂OH-PAR and V(IV)-PAR), but in the V(IV) system only two: V(IV)-PAR and V(V)-NH₂OH-PAR. Citrate and tartrate giving single peak were found as auxiliary ligands in ternary V(V) systems of analytical importance. Due to its masking potential towards iron (III) ions, citrate was chosen as the most suitable third component of a ternary vanadium system with PAR, to form the basis of an RP-HPLC method for direct determination of V in steel.     

TSCR工艺生产IF钢相变及组织演变规律

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了薄板坯连铸连轧工艺条件下(TSCR)无间隙原子钢(IF钢)的动态连续冷却转变规律,并分析了其组织演变规律.研究表明:Ti-IF钢的相变开始温度随着冷却速度的增大而下降,即Ar3降低,有利于低温终轧,并获得性能良好的IF钢.同时IF钢的硬度值随着冷却速度的增大而增大,冷却速度从1℃/s变化到30℃/s时,HRB从53.4增加到68.3,即其强度随冷却速度增大而增加.     

BaO-CaO-CaF2系渣用于钢液深脱磷能力

使用BaO-CaO-CaF2系渣在实验室中进行钢水深脱磷实验以获得超低磷钢水.实验结果表明,初始磷约为0.01%的条件下,获得了50%以上的脱磷率及0.005%以下最低0.002%的磷含量;脱磷效果受钢水氧化性影响显著.实验测得1 813～1 893K范围内该渣系的磷容量在1018～1019.35之间,并且随BaO含量增加,磷容量增大.     

喷网锚在加筋土挡土墙加固中的应用

根据山东省淄博市梧台立交桥加筋土挡土墙加固的工程实际,结合理论计算,讨论了高压注浆提高锚固力的原理,提出了局部采用双层钢筋网的喷浆支护方法.结果表明,该加固方法有效地限制了墙体的侧向位移,加固效果良好,适用于失稳挡土墙加固.     

IF钢铁素体区热轧工艺参数对深冲性能的影响

IF钢具有优良的深冲性能是由于其具有纯净的钢质和强的{111} //ND织构.而在铁素体区热轧时,可以通过控制轧制及退火工艺参数得到强的{111}织构.IF钢铁素体区热轧实验采用润滑轧制,采取了不同的压下制度、温度制度、退火制度,并且对深冲性能进行了检测,比较了不同工艺参数对深冲性能的影响规律.通过ODF织构分析,与检测结果一致.     

复合型加载下缺口前应力应变分布的有限元分析

用有限元法计算了一种低合金高强钢缺口试样在非对称四点弯曲加载(Ⅰ Ⅱ型复合加载)下缺口前端的变形和应力应变分布.研究结果表明:纯Ⅰ型加载时,缺口前端变形和塑性区形状对称分布.Ⅰ Ⅱ型复合加载下缺口前端的变形为一侧钝化,另一侧锐化,塑性区顺时针旋转一个角度θ,且θ随Ⅱ型载荷比例的增加而增大.表征缺口前端变形程度的d/b0值,随外加载荷P/Pgy的增加和Ⅱ型载荷比例的增加而增大.另外,对缺口前端最小塑性区路径上的最大切向正应力σθθ、三相应力度σm/和等效塑性应变εp的分布,以及它们随外加载荷P/Pgy和Ⅱ型载荷比例的变化规律也进行了分析,发现缺口试样的开裂遵循最大切应力判据.     

无熔深堆焊铜熔池图像视觉检测方法研究

在分析了视觉法检测熔池的取像机理和钨极氩弧焊（TIG焊）电弧光谱的基础上,提出了近红外波段取像铜熔池的思路,并设计出基于不同取像机理的多种复合窄带滤光系统.采用普通电荷耦合（CCD）传感器从正面拍摄了铜熔池,并对不同观察窗口下的取像结果进行比较分析,找到了相对较佳、可获得较清晰的铜熔池图像的取像窗口.最后分析了TIG焊铜熔池图像的特征,并与TIG焊钢熔池图像比较后发现：在近红外波段,铜熔池比钢熔池难于获得清晰的图像.     

新型中和缓蚀剂对常减压塔顶H2S—HCI—H2O腐蚀作用的影响

研究了新型中和缓蚀剂SF-121B和BZH-1在常减压蒸馏塔顶H2S-HCl-H2O腐蚀系统中的缓蚀效果，结果表明：随着H2S浓度增加，腐蚀速率增加；温度升高，溶液pH值下降，腐蚀增加。中和缓蚀剂SF-121B和BZH-1的缓蚀效果优于目前工业常用的7019。SF-121B与氨水复配在保持较好缓蚀效果的同时，可减少操作成本。     

铜／钢液固相复合工艺的实验研究

用液-固相复合法制备铜包钢线，并研究了预热温度、铜液温度和复合时间等工艺参数对铜包钢线的包覆比的影响．结果表明，在接触初期，随着接触时间的增加，铜层厚度和包覆比增加，当热流达到平衡时，包覆比达到最大，最大可达77％，之后包覆比逐渐减小．钢芯线预热温度和铜液温度的升高使包覆比下降，重熔时间缩短．