壳聚糖季铵盐分子结构与吸湿保湿性研究

采用不同反应和降解条件制备了一系列不同取代度和不同分子量的羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(ⅡACC)．通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和凝胶渗透色谱对结构进行表征，同时测量HAcc的吸湿保湿性能，并与透明质酸(HA)、乳酸钠进行比较．结果表明：HAcc的保湿性能随分子量增加而增大，而吸湿性能却随分子量增加而减小；取代度小于43％时，HAcc的吸湿保湿性能急剧减小；取代度大于43％时，HAcc具有比HA更好的吸湿性能，而其保湿性能和HA基本持平．     

Influence of Modifiers on the Physicomechanical Properties of Sawdust-Polyethylene Composites

Polymer-wood composites based on recycled polyethylene (RPE) are investigated. Dispersed alder sawdust was utilized as a filler. To improve the compatibility between the nonpolar matrix and the polar wood fibers as a reinforcement, two types of modifiers were used, which differed in their chemical nature and mechanical interaction with the constituents of the composites. The modifiers of the first type (paraffin and OP) improved the dispersibility of sawdust (SD), and those of the second type (Exxelor 1015 and OREVAC) contained groups of maleic anhydride, which interacted with the OH-groups of SD. The effect of the modifiers on the moisture sorption by SD, the dispersibility of the filler in the matrix, and the strength characteristics (ultimate strengths and moduli in tension and bending) of dry and moist RPE–SD composites and on their moisture sorption is estimated. The best results were obtained for the composites modified with paraffin, which is due to the more efficient employment of the strength and rigidity of well-dispersed SD fibers. In their strength characteristics, the RPE-based composites investigated are comparable to composites based on low-density polyethylene.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel low‐dielectric cyanate esters

For the purpose of increasing the mobility of residual bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY) during the final stage of curing and achieving a complete reaction of cyanate groups, a small quantity of monofunctional phenol was added to BADCY to form an imidocarbonate, or a small quantity of monofunctional cyanate esters was added to form cyanate ester copolymers. The proposed structures were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the cured cyanate esters were measured with dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and dielectric analysis. These data were compared with those for the cured BADCY resin. The cured modified cyanate esters exhibited a lower dielectric constant, a lower dissipation factor, and lower moisture absorption than the cured BADCY system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2589–2600, 2004     

高精度农用温湿度测控系统的误差分析

简述了单片机温湿度测控系统的设计过程,给出了单片机系统的硬件联接图;对测控系统的误差组成进行了分析,并在此基础上对检测精度的提高进行了多因素分析。     

原油含水量的测定方法及实现

介绍了采用压差法测定竖直管道中原油含水量的测量原理及实现方法。     

真有效值测量在微波测湿系统中的应用

真有效值测量能够准确地反映被测电信号与能量的关系，在衰减法微波测湿中具有很大的优越性．单片真有效值／直流转换器在微带传感器微波测湿系统中的应用，能较好地解决该系统中的信号处理同题．     

露天矿公路防冻抑尘剂的研究

针对露天矿公路路面扬尘污染问题,进行了喷洒实验,测定了两种卤化物抑尘剂的16个配方在自然环境中昼夜周期吸湿、放湿的能力和抗冻性能,确定出最佳配方.     

青海湖流域典型生态系统土壤水分对降水脉动的响应

土壤水分是影响干旱半干旱地区植物生长与空间分布的关键因素,对维持整个生态系统的稳定具有重要作用.通过对青海湖流域3种典型生态系统(草地、灌丛、农田)降水过程和土壤水分的连续动态观测,分析了不同时间尺度(逐月、逐日、10min)土壤水分对降水脉动的响应.结果表明:草地、灌丛和农田深层(60、90cm)土壤水分对降水的响应均比浅层土壤(10、30cm)滞后1个月左右;灌丛土壤水分对降水的响应集中在60cm以上,深层土壤水分主要受地下水影响,由于冠层截留损耗,单次小降水事件对灌丛土壤水分的补给作用较为有限;草地土壤水分对降水的响应集中在10和30cm,而农田降水补给的有效深度小于30cm,响应时间也明显滞后于草地.     

吉林省农安地区盐渍土冻胀特性试验研究

吉林省西部地区广泛分布着盐渍土。近年来由于盐渍土冻胀而造成的建（构）筑物破坏的现象越来越频繁。以吉林省农安地区盐渍土为研究对象,通过在室内采用程序式高低温试验机进行盐渍土的冻胀试验,结果表明,冻胀量不仅与温度有关,而且与压实度、含水率、易溶盐含量等因素有关。本文试验结果,有助于对由盐渍土冻胀造成的破坏采取有效的防治措施。     

利用含水率优化玉米在转筒干燥器中的干燥工艺研究

玉米收获时通常都处于较高水分状态,含水量高,影响玉米的发芽率,导致霉变,必须将其干燥到安全水分以内才能进行储藏.为了更好地储藏玉米,利用转筒干燥工艺对玉米进行干燥处理,研究了入口风温、转筒转速、转筒倾角及滞留时间等4个因素对干燥效果的影响.并通过二次回归通用旋转组合设计,研究了干燥工艺对加工后玉米含水率的影响,得出了以上4个因素对干燥效果的回归方程,分析了各个因素单独作用时的影响及它们之间的交互作用.