区域土壤墒情模型研究

运用平原水文模型,参考不同作物不同生长期蒸散发特点及土层结构和土层蓄水量与土壤墒情之间的关系,构建区域土壤墒情模型,并利用山西省洪洞县实测土壤墒情资料对该模型进行了检验,检验结果表明,模型物理概念明确,可连续模拟或预报区域土壤墒情,且预报精度高。     

压实Q3马兰黄土蠕变规律研究

为了研究压实Q3马兰黄土的蠕变特性,开展不同压实度、不同含水量下压实土的单轴排水与不排水蠕变试验,得到其轴向应变-应力-时间关系,采用已有的经验模型及H-K、Burgers、M-B元件模型分别描述其蠕变规律并对比分析其适宜性,采用能综合反映蠕变特性参数的等效蠕变模量E(t)来分析不同因素对蠕变规律敏感性。研究结果表明:Q3马兰黄土的蠕变特性对含水量敏感程度较大,对压实度次之,排水条件对低含水量和低压实度土体的蠕变特性敏感程度较大;采用M-B元件模型能够较准确地描述其瞬时弹性应变、衰减蠕变和稳定粘滞流动三个阶段,通过等效蠕变模量E(t)能够较好地反映不同初始条件下的蠕变效应,得到了E(t)与含水量w和轴向荷载σ0的经验公式。     

微波低含水量测量系统的研究

通过采用微波终端开路同轴线作为测量探头，使用定向耦合器等微波元件，采用微处理机控制的数据采集和显示系统构成微波低含水量测量系统，通过测量物质的介电特性而得出物质的含水量。测量了原油和酒精的含水量，研究了系统的灵敏性，用数值分析方法对实验结果进行了曲线拟合，实验结果与理论基本一致。     

羊草可燃物燃烧性的变化规律

通过研究松嫩草原羊草可燃物含水率的变化,揭示羊草可燃物燃烧性的变化规律.结果表明,在羊草枯死过程中,其燃烧性呈上升趋势,10月末达到最高值;在枯草期,其燃烧性变化不显著.雨后羊草可燃物燃烧性降低,经过7～8 h恢复到雨前水平.另外,可燃物燃烧性的变化规律与气象因子密切相关.     

粗粒土路基的压实试验

通过改变室内击实试验的击实参数,对影响粗粒土压实特性的相关因素进行分析;利用现场试验,对粗粒土路基压实厚度、压实机械及压实遍数等影响压实效果因素综合分析后,针对粗粒土中粗粒含量的变化,提出采用三点二次插值函数的定量分析方法及定量与定性分析相结合的方法对粗粒土的压实质量进行评价。结果表明,含水量对粗粒土压实影响较小,应采用大吨位的振动压路机对粗粒土进行压实。     

喷射器内含湿含硫天然气形成水合物预测

针对高含硫气田天然气含湿含硫且井口压力不断降低的特点,利用高压气井的富余压力通过喷射器增压输送低压天然气。采用Fluent软件对喷射器内单相和气液两相含湿含硫天然气的沿程温度、压力进行了数值模拟,应用天然气水合物生成预测模型ZahediⅠ对天然气喷射器内部天然气水合物生成区域进行了预测分析,预测了工作流体入口温度、含硫量、含湿量对天然气水合物生成的影响。工作流体入口温度增加,喷射器内天然气水合物生成区域范围减小,硫化氢含量越高,天然气水合物生成区域范围越大,工作流体含水滴,喷射器内天然气水合物生成区域小于单相工质下的天然气水合物生成区域,进而提出了消除含湿含硫天然气喷射器内形成水合物的措施。     

露天煤矿排土场地表的光谱特征和土壤参数分析

以辽宁海州煤矿露天排土场为研究对象,分析了地表土壤光谱特征以及反射光谱与地表土壤参数的相关性。土壤反射光谱分析结果表明：不同排土年限光谱反射率随排土年限的增长而降低;不同土质中灰土和混合土的水分吸收谷表征不明显,红壤土、黄土和红砂土光谱反射率以红壤土为最高, 以下依次为黄土和红砂土。土壤反射光谱与土壤参数相关性分析结果表明：有机质含量与反射光谱相关性最高处的相关系数为-0.76,其他参数与反射光谱相关系数较低。建立土壤有机质含量预测模型(建模R2_C=0.737 4,模型检验R2_V=0.682 4)满足检测要求。分析了1 910和1 943 nm处光谱反射率与土壤含水量之间的关系,结果表明由于排土场土壤的多样性和复杂性,土壤全样本光谱反射率与土壤含水量之间呈非线性相关,分别依年代、土质分组后,土壤光谱反射率与土壤含水量均呈线性相关。     

Investigation on the stress behavior of cellulose acetate and the development of highly moisture‐resistant optical films for display devices

An optical film with high optical anisotropy was prepared by the stretching of a cellulose acetate film and the consequential orienting of a retardation‐enhancing additive. The change in retardation in response to moisture absorption was explored and it was found that the degree of the retardation variation is strongly related to the stretching temperature. Stress generated by the stretching and its relaxation was systematically investigated to elucidate the effect of stretching temperature on the irreversible change in retardation upon moisture absorption. The results show that the magnitude of releasable stress plays an important role in controlling changes in optical properties. In addition, the difference in the deformation behavior between glassy and rubbery states should be taken into account in the development of a moisture‐resistant optical film. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1470–1478     

拉曼光谱法检测三甘醇中的水分含量

三甘醇是具有强烈吸湿性的粘稠液体,被用作石油天然气产品的新型干燥剂及脱水剂,在对三甘醇品质进行评价时,水分的含量是非常重要的指标。本文利用拉曼光谱技术,对三甘醇样品的拉曼光谱图进行采集,三甘醇标准品在波数129cm-1、321cm-1、531cm-1、830cm-1、886cm-1有较强的拉曼信号,以特征波数886cm-1的信号强度与对应的水分含量做标准曲线,得回归方程为y=-42.95x+4583.5,相关系数R2=0.9986,说明拉曼信号强度与三甘醇水分含量有良好的线性关系。选择水分含量为10%、15%、85%、95%的三甘醇溶液作为回测,平均回收率在90.1%~115.86%,相对标准偏差在0.43%~10.1%,该方法可准确检测三甘醇中的水分含量,且快速、操作简便、样品用量少,可用于现场检测。     

An Investigation of the Effect of Semi-Acetal Formation on the Properties of Dialdehyde Starch and its Thermoplastic Blend with Glycerol

Dialdehyde sweet potato starch (DASS) with various aldehyde contents was prepared and the properties analyzed in terms of solubility, intrinsic viscosity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated that when the aldehyede content of DASS was increased from 20% to 95%, the solubility, molecular weight, crystallizability, and thermal stability decreased. Thermoplastic DASS (TPDASS) was prepared by adding glycerol as a plasticizer; the thermal, rheological, hydrophobic, and tensile properties of TPDASS were investigated. The results indicated that, for the same glycerol content, with the increase of aldehyde content, the moisture adsorption decreased, while the shear viscosity, glass transition temperature, and tensile properties of TPDASS increased significantly. The effects were attributed to the introduction of aldehyde groups reducing the hydrogen bonds and decreasing the hydrophility of the starch. Moreover, the aldehyde and hydroxyl groups of DASS favored a semi-acetal formation with higher aldehyde content and cross-linking of DASS occurred with the increase of aldehyde content. In summary, compared to starch, the thermoplastic properties and hydrophobicity of DASS was improved. In the presence of water (10 wt%), the tensile strength of TPDASS with 95% aldehyde content (TPDASS95) moderately decreased, from 16.7 MPa to 14.0 MPa, when the glycerol content increased from 10% to 30%. The TPDASS with improved properties will find their applications in preparing biodegradable plastics.