光谱偏振调制器的高精度装调方法

为了提高光谱偏振调制器的探测精度,提出了光谱偏振调制器的高精度装调方法。首先,分析了光谱偏振调制器的调制原理,提出了采用三片多级相位延迟器加线偏振器的装调方案;然后,建立了调制器装调的数理模型,设计了校准多级相位延迟器的厚度;最后,对成像过程进行了计算机仿真实验验证,并模拟了成像系统的装调过程。结果表明:利用该方法能够灵敏检测偏振器件间的微小相对旋转角度误差,可实现调制器的高精度装调,在输入本文设定的校准光谱条件下,绝对精度可达0.2°。该方法保留了传统光谱调制器充分利用通道带宽的优势,保证了复原光谱的分辨率,为强度调制型光谱偏振成像系统的精密装调提供了一定的理论参考。     

二维金属有机框架材料的合成及电催化应用

二维金属有机框架材料(MOFs)由于具备高比表面积、 多孔性以及丰富的活性位点等优异特性而受到广泛关注, 并且在电催化领域展现出巨大的应用潜力. 研究者们已在二维MOFs的可控制备与电催化性能调控方面取得许多突破性进展, 显示出相关研究对开发高性能电催化剂的关键作用. 本文总结了二维MOFs的自上而下和自下而上合成策略以及二维MOFs衍生物的典型合成方法, 概述了二维MOFs在各尺度下的电催化性能调控策略, 并介绍了各种合成方法和调控策略在电催化中的应用. 最后讨论了该领域面临的挑战, 并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

Mono- and Di-Fucosylated Glycans of the Parasitic Worm S. mansoni are Recognized Differently by the Innate Immune Receptor DC-SIGN

The parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni, expresses unusual fucosylated glycans in a stage-dependent manner that can be recognized by the human innate immune receptor DC-SIGN, thereby shaping host immune responses. We have developed a synthetic approach for mono- and bis-fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDN-F and LDN-DF, respectively), which are epitopes expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins of S. mansoni. It is based on the use of monosaccharide building blocks having carefully selected amino-protecting groups, facilitating high yielding and stereoselective glycosylations. The molecular interaction between the synthetic glycans and DC-SIGN was studied by NMR and molecular modeling, which demonstrated that the α1,3-fucoside of LDN-F can coordinate with the Ca²⁺-ion of the canonical binding site of DC-SIGN allowing for additional interactions with the underlying LDN backbone. The 1,2-fucoside of LDN-DF can be complexed in a similar manner, however, in this binding mode GlcNAc and GalNAc of the LDN backbone are placed away from the protein surface resulting in a substantially lower binding affinity. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that the avidity and selectivity of binding is greatly enhanced when the glycans are presented multivalently, and in this format Le^x and LDN-F gave strong responsiveness, whereas no binding was detected for LDN-DF. The data indicates that S. mansoni has developed a strategy to avoid detection by DC-SIGN in a stage-dependent manner by the addition of a fucoside to a number of its ligands.     

Investigating aroma diversity combining purge‐and‐trap,comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography,and mass spectrometry

Headspace gas chromatography is frequently used for aroma profiling thanks to its ability to naturally exploit the volatility of aroma compounds, and also to provide chemical information on sample composition. Its main advantages rely on simplicity, no use of solvent, amenability to automation, and the cleanliness of the extract. In the present contribution, the most effective sampling (dynamic extraction), separation (multidimensional gas chromatography), and detection (mass spectrometry) techniques for untargeted analysis are exploited in combination, showing their potential in unraveling aroma profiles in fruit beers. To complete the overall analytical process, a neat workflow for data analysis is discussed and used for the successful characterization and identification of five different beer flavors (berries, cherry, banana, apple, and peach). From the technical viewpoint, the coupling of purge‐and‐trap, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry makes the global methodology unique, and it is for the first time discussed. A (low‐)flow modulation approach allowed for the full transfer into the second dimension with mass‐spectrometry compatible flow (< 7 mL/min), avoiding the need of splitting before detection and making the overall method sensitive (1.2–5.2‐fold higher signal to noise ratio compared to unmodulated gas chromatography conditions) and selective.     

汽车自适应巡航系统中电子节气门的精确控制

在改装的捷达GTX轿车上研究ACC系统中电子节气门的控制策略.在控制方法中综合应用了多种PID算法,针对直流力矩电机机械特性对控制策略进行了优化,通过单片机的输出比较通道产生PWM以控制电机.通过实验台和实车试验,证明基于该控制策略开发电子节气门控制器的控制效果良好.     

实际伽利略搜救信号参数估计的Cramer-Rao界

考虑调制不对称度和信息位宽的不确定度,研究了实际伽利略搜救信号信息位宽、到达频率(FOA)、到达时间(TOA)估计的Cramer-Rao界(CRB).推导了伽利略搜救信号Fisher信息矩阵中各元素的计算表达式,利用单位冲激函数的性质和Parseval定理,将单位冲激函数的平方和转换到频域进行计算,得到了信息位宽、FOA和TOA估计的CRB的解析结果.数值分析和Monte Carlo仿真结果表明,CRB具有有效性,可以用于评估上述参数估计算法的性能.     

用软件无线电实现MPSK自适应调制

自适应调制能够根据信道的时变性达到很高的传输速率和进行合理的功率分配.同时,它需要自适应调整调制模式级别M.采用软件方式在DSP板上能够实现MPSK的调制、解调功能和调制模式M的识别,替代在硬件之间进行切换的繁琐模式.调制器根据星座图和已知的调制级别在己存储的波形中挑选对应的调制波形,解调器在信号同步的情况下通过使用最小均方进行解调,同时进行M模式识别.模拟结果显示用软件无线电方式实现MPSK自适应调制是一条简捷快速的途径.特别在自适应调制中加入LDPC(低密度校验码)编码和一种新的结合BP和list-based SI HO解码后,系统性能更为优异.     

级联型多电平变流器控制策略的比较和分析

介绍了阶梯波、载波相移脉宽调制和分段SPWM调制等几种级联型多电平变流器的控制策略,并对它们的优缺点进行了分析和比较,并指出了分段SPWM控制策略是另外两种方法的一种折中方案,它综合了阶梯波和载波相移PWM调制方法的优点,既可以减少开关损耗,又可以使得输出波形性能满足要求.最后给出了几种控制策略产生的输出波形的谐波频谱,验证了分段SPWM方案的可行性和分析的正确性.     

环形光纤声发射传感器的相位调制特性研究

提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的环形传感器,用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器的两个臂到达探测器时,干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换,测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.而且对传感系统的位相调制特性进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析,结果表明该系统可用于固体表面传播的超声波频率特征的识别.     

窄带滤光片精确波长激光器高频调制特性研究

采用窄带滤光片作为选频元件对精确波长激光器高频调制特性进行了小信号分析.优化设计了外腔长度,兼顾了激光器的阈值特性和工作稳定性;给出了适用于外腔情况的光子寿命表达式;讨论了外腔反射率、管芯与外腔耦合效率以及外腔长度对光子寿命的影响.数值分析结果表明该类型激光器的调制响应特性主要取决于等效光子寿命,受偏置电流影响不大.当外腔反射率为72%,管芯与外腔耦合效率为80%,等效外腔长度为9.7 mm时,光子寿命为100 ps,激光器的调制带宽约为2 GHz,适合于以太网无源光网络中波分多址技术应用的需要.