Volumetric and compressibility studies on tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)-phase modifier (1-octanol, 1-decanol and isodecanol) interactions from T = (298.15 to 323.15) K

Density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) of the binary mixtures of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and alcohols (1-octanol, 1-decanol and isodecanol) were measured at temperatures from T (298.15 to 323.15) K over the entire composition range and at atmosphere pressure. Using these experimentally determined quantities, the excess molar volume (V^E), deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δκ_s), internal pressure (p_i), and adjusted correlation coefficients have been calculated. The excess molar volume has been fitted to a Redlich–Kister type polynomial equation. The positive or negative deviations shown by the excess quantities and the trend shown by the adjusted correlation coefficients have been interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions and structure of components.     

纷:悬空的修饰语——兼论屈赋的韵律节奏

屈赋中居于句首的修饰语"纷"在一定条件下,与其处在宾语位置上的名词中心语间隔出现,形成"纷……x+名词中心语"的悬空格局.悬空的条件是:修饰语"纷"的中心语在宾语位置上已经与一个修饰语x紧邻共现.悬空的原因是:(1)与修饰语x相比,"纷"同名词中心语的语义关系相对较远;(2)修饰语x已经与名词中心语在句中组合成一个标准音步,更外层的修饰语"纷"必须被安置在句首一端,才能保证诗行主体部分仍是标准音步构成的韵律节奏.悬空的作用:(1)诗行主体的双音节节奏,是对<诗经>确立的标准音步的重复和回应,以确认屈赋作为诗的性质.(2)安置在诗行之首的非标准音步,是屈赋的创造,它们形成了楚辞不同于<诗经>的错落悠扬之美.     

也谈现代汉语非名词性的“A_单+N_双”结构

"大规模"、"远距离"作为现代汉语中一种特殊的形名结构,对其的性质界定问题学界一直未有定论。该类短语不具有体词性和谓词性,主要充当状语和定语,具有粘着定位的特点,可以将其界定为加词性短语。这样,现代汉语中短语的分类和词的分类也可以一一对应。     

Effect of CuCl2 on hydrothermal crystallization of calcium sulfate whiskers prepared from FGD gypsum

Using purified flue‐gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum as raw material, effects of CuCl₂ on crystal morphology, phase structure, aspect ratio and crystallization of hydrothermal products prepared via hydrothermal crystallization in H₂SO₄‐H₂O solutions were investigated. The results show that dosage of CuCl₂ has a significant effect on the morphology, aspect ratio and crystallization of calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs), but no effect on their phase transformation . At a dosage of 15 g CuCl₂/kg FGD gypsum, the produced calcium sulfate whiskers had diameters ranging from 1 to 3 μm with average aspect ratio greater than 200 . Transmission electron diffraction patterns and highly magnified surface morphology of CSWs were found different from those of self‐assembly crystals. Compared to self‐assembly crystals, the produced CSWs showed a single crystal structure and their surface was very smooth.     

Effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of MgO-modified Ni/Al_2O_3 nanocatalyst in dry reforming of methane

MgO-modified Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with different Ni loadings were prepared and employed in dry reforming of methane （DRM）. The effect of Ni loadings on the activity and coke formation of Ni/MgO-A1203 catalysts were investigated. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TPO and TPR techniques. The obtained results showed that increasing nickel loading decreased the BET surface area and increased the catalytic activity and amount of deposited carbon. In addition, the effect of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） and feed ratio were studied.     

Cobalt as chemical modifier to improve chromium sensitivity and minimize matrix effects in tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry

Cobalt is used as chemical modifier to improve sensitivity and minimize matrix effects in Cr determinations by tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES). The atomizer is a tungsten filament extracted from microscope light bulbs. A solid-state power supply and a handheld CCD-based spectrometer are also used in the instrumental setup. In the presence of 1000 mg L⁻¹ Co, WCAES limit of detection for Cr (λ = 425.4 nm) is calculated as 0.070 mg L⁻¹; a 10-fold improvement compared to determinations without Co modifier. The mechanism involved in such signal enhancement is similar to the one observed in ICP OES and ICP-MS determinations of As and Se in the presence of C. Cobalt increases the population of Cr⁺ by charge transfer reactions. In a second step, Cr⁺/e⁻ recombination takes place, which results in a larger population of excited-state Cr atoms. This alternative excitation route is energetically more efficient than heat transfer from atomizer and gas phase to analyte atoms. A linear dynamic range of 0.25–10 mg L⁻¹ and repeatability of 3.8% (RSD, n = 10) for a 2.0 mg L⁻¹ Cr solution are obtained with this strategy. The modifier high concentration also contributes to improving accuracy due to a matrix-matching effect. The method was applied to a certified reference material of Dogfish Muscle (DORM-2) and no statistically significant difference was observed between determined and certified Cr values at a 95% confidence level. Spike experiments with bottled water samples resulted in recoveries between 93% and 112%.     

Direct Determination of Arsenic in Beet Sugar Molasses Using Nickel as Chemical Modifier by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrommetry

A simple electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) method is described for direct determination of arsenic in sugar beet molasses samples. Pyrolytic graphite tubes were used as atomizers. The compression between modifiers such as nickel nitrate, palladium nitrate and the mixture of palladium and magnesium nitrate were performed and nickel nitrate selected as the best chemical modifier. The effects of pyrolysis and atomization temperature were also studied and the pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C and atomization temperature of 2300 °C have been chosen for temperature program. The detection limit of the method was 1 ng/mL As in sugar beet molasses samples. The relative standard deviation for ten determination of a spiked sample with concentration of 50 ng/mL As was 2.4%. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by the analysis of spiked samples. The linear rang of calibration is in the range of 1‐100 ng/mL of arsenic.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定微量钴

研究了石墨炉原子吸收测定微量钴，钴吸收线的特性，各种酸对钴原子化的影响以及Ｍｇ（ＮＯ３）２的基体改进效应，提出了以Ｎａ２ＳｉＯ３为稳定剂，用石墨炉原子吸收人发中痕量钴的方法。     

纳米AlN润滑油抗磨添加剂的制备与应用研究

采用溶液聚合反应,将马来酸酐接枝到低分子量的无规聚丙烯链(a-PP)上,制备a-PP-g-MAH大分子表面改性剂,并应用其对纳米AlN粉体进行表面修饰改性.对合成的改性剂、改性前后的纳米AlN运用FT-IR、TGA、接触角、沉降实验等方法进行表征和测试.结果表明:当接枝率为2.69%的大分子改性剂用量为9%时,对纳米AlN粉体表面处理效果最好,有效提高了它在润滑油中的悬浮分散性.当改性的纳米AlN粉体以0.3%质量分数分散于润滑油中时,可以3个月不沉降,润滑油的极压值由1000N提高到1300N;电镜照片显示,其对摩擦副表面起到了一定的保护和修复作用.     

Fluorine-Containing Flow Modifier for BN/PPS Composites Enabled by Low Surface Energy

In this study, a fluorine-containing flow modifier (Si-DF) with low surface energy is successfully synthesized, which is applied to fabricate ideal electronic packaging materials (BN/PPS composites) with high thermal conductivity, excellent dielectric properties, processability, and toughness by conventional melt blending. Si-DPF is located at the interface between the BN fillers and the PPS matrix, which not only improves the dispersion of BN fillers but also strengthens the interaction. With the help of 5 wt% Si-DF, BN/PPS/Si-DF (70/25/5) still exhibits the high thermally conductive coefficient (3.985 W/m·K) and low dielectric constant (3.76 at 100 MHz) although BN fillers are loaded as high as 70 wt%. Moreover, the sample processes a lower stable torque value (2.5 N·m), and the area under the stress–strain curves is also increased. This work provides an efficient way to develop high-performance polymer-based composites with high thermally conductive coefficients and low dielectric constants for electronic packaging applications.