Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) copolymers

A new biodegradable starch graft copolymer, starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one), was synthesized through the ring‐opening graft polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one onto a starch backbone. The grafting reactions were conducted with various 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one/starch feed ratios to obtain starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) copolymers with various poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) graft structures. The microstructure of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) was characterized in detail with one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the feed composition on the resulting microstructure of starch‐g‐poly(1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one) was investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3417–3422, 2004     

修正的Navier—Stokes方程的再生性质和周期解

本文证明了由提出的修正的Navier-Stokes方程在小外力的条件下对t_1∈(0,T]存在唯一的初始速度分布使得相应的初边值问题的广义解具再生性质:(t_1)=(0)=.从而当外力还是时间t的周期函数时,是周期解.进而证明此周期解以指数方式吸引相应于同一外力但初值可任意的其它解.上述结论的证明基于对广义解v的导数v在空间L~∞(0,T;L~2(Ω))中估计.     

Stability and convergence of modified Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors in Banach spaces

Summary Some stability and convergence theorems of the modified Ishikawa iterative sequences with errors for asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in the intermediate sense and asymptotically pseudo contractive and uniformly Lipschitzian mappings in Banach spaces are obtained.     

New numerical methods and some applied aspects of the p-regularity theory

The theory of p-regularity is applied to optimization problems and to singular ordinary differential equations (ODE). The special variant of the method of the modified Lagrangian function proposed by Yu.G. Evtushenko for constrained optimization problems with inequality constraints is justified on the basis of the 2-factor transformation. An implicit function theorem is given for the singular case. This theorem is used to show the existence of solutions to a boundary value problem for a nonlinear differential equation in the resonance case. New numerical methods are proposed including the p-factor method for solving ODEs with a small parameter.     

Measurement and prediction of solubilities and diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in starch–water mixtures at elevated pressures

The solubility and diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in intermediate‐moisture starch–water mixtures were determined both experimentally and theoretically at elevated pressures up to 16 MPa at 50 °C. A high‐pressure decay sorption system was assembled to measure the equilibrium CO₂ mass uptake by the starch–water system. The experimentally measured solubilities accounted for the estimated swollen volume by Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state (S‐L EOS) were found to increase almost linearly with pressure, yielding 4.0 g CO₂/g starch–water system at 16 MPa. Moreover, CO₂ solubilities above 5 MPa displayed a solubility increase, which was not contributed by the water fraction in the starch–water mixture. The solubilities, however, showed no dependence on the degree of gelatinization (DG) of starch. The diffusion coefficient of CO₂ was found to increase with concentration of dissolved CO₂, which is pressure‐dependent, and decrease with increasing DG in the range of 50–100%. A free‐volume‐based diffusion model proposed by Areerat was employed to predict the CO₂ diffusivity in terms of pressure, temperature, and the concentration of dissolved CO₂. S‐L EOS was once more used to determine the specific free volume of the mixture system. The predicted diffusion coefficients showed to correlate well with the measured values for all starch–water mixtures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 607–621, 2006     

助剂改性活性炭担载Pt催化剂催化硝基苯加氢制对氨基苯酚

以改性活性炭担载的Pt为催化剂催化硝基苯经加氢重排一步合成对氨基苯酚，收率54．70％，选择性可达91.40%。     

同多酸和杂多酸修饰微电极的电化学研究——Ⅳ.1:2-磷钼杂多酸薄膜修饰碳纤维微电极的制备和电化性质

本文报道了1:12-磷铜杂多酸(PMo_(12)薄膜修饰碳纤维(CF)微电极的制备及其电化学性质。采用简单,快速的浸渍吸附制备的PMo_(12)薄膜修饰CF电极在酸性介质中具有很高的稳定性和氧化还原活性,电解质溶液的pH值和扫描电位范围对PMo_(12)膜的稳定性和电化学性质产生较大的影响。另一方面,PMo_(12)薄膜修饰CF微电极对酸性水溶液中的PMo_(12)和氯酸根离子(ClO)_3~-)的电催化还原作用也进行了描述。     

低电流密度下恒电流法制备的聚苯胺修饰电极

研究了低电流密度下恒电流法制备的聚苯（ＰＡ）修饰电极的性质及其影响因素，探讨了低电流密度聚合的ＰＡ膜的优点。发现此种条件下聚合的ＰＡ膜具有较好的电荷传输能力，它不仅对Ｂｒ＾－，Ｔｌ＾＋／Ｔｌ等电对的氧化还原反应有更好的电催化活性，而且对Ｈ＾＋的Ｎｅｒｎａｓｔ响应也更接近理论值。     

Detection of processed genetically modified food using CIM monolithic columns for DNA isolation

The availability of sufficient quantities of DNA of adequate quality is crucial in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods for genetically modified food detection. In this work, the suitability of anion-exchange CIM (Convective Interaction Media; BIA Separations, Ljubljana, Slovenia) monolithic columns for isolation of DNA from food was studied. Maize and its derivates corn meal and thermally pretreated corn meal were chosen as model food. Two commercially available CIM disk columns were tested: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl) and QA (quaternary amine). Preliminary separations were performed with standard solution of salmon DNA at different pH values and different NaCl concentrations in mobile phase. DEAE groups and pH 8 were chosen for further isolations of DNA from a complex matrix-food extract. The quality and quantity of isolated DNA were tested on agarose gel electrophoresis, with UV-scanning spectrophotometry, and by amplification with real-time PCR. DNA isolated in this way was of suitable quality for further PCR analyses. The described method is also applicable for DNA isolation from processed foods with decreased DNA content. Furthermore, it is more effective and less time-consuming in comparison with the existing proposed methods for isolation of DNA from plant-derived foods.