Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Group B Vitamins Using Parallel Factor Analysis: PARAFAC

In this work, a simple and rapid analytical procedure was applied for simultaneous determination of folic acid (vitamin B₀), thiamin (vitamin B₁), riboflavin (vitamin B₂) and pyridoxal (vitamin B₆) based on the absorbance data in the pH range 2.0‐12.0 at 25 °C using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The effect of the pH as the most important factor on the sensitivity of the determination was studied. The spectral data were recorded in 400‐650 nm intervals and a 2‐12 pH range for all four vitamins. The calibration set was constructed in the concentration ranges of 4‐22, 1‐20, 6‐26, and 4‐20 μg mL^?;1 for B₆,B₂,B₁ and B₀, respectively. The root mean squares errors of prediction for the prediction set, (RMSEP), are 0.65, 0.63, 1.13 and 0.34 for B₀,B₁,B₂ and B₆, respectively. The recovery percent for the validation set are in the range of 90.6 to 107.0%. The effect of the experimental conditions and diverse species were discussed. The optimum values of these factors were searched according to the relative standard deviation of the prediction set of mixtures solutions.     

The Physical Basis of the VSEPR Model

The VSEPR model is a consequence of the correlation of same-spin electrons resulting from the operation of the Pauli exclusion principle. Although the VSEPR rules can be interpreted in terms of an orbital model they do not provide the physical basis for the model.     

Fuzzy theory in analytical chemistry

The concept of fuzzy theory is described in order to provide the analyst with the means for dealing with vague statements, uncertain observations or the fuzziness of human perception and interpretation, in general. In a theoretical part, basic notions of fuzzy theory are given, such as types of membership functions, operations with fuzzy sets, definitions of fuzzy numbers, points, functions, and relations, and the use of linguistic variables. The difference between fuzziness and probability is outlined. The applications section demonstrates advantages of fuzzy theory methods compared to common mathematical methods with respect to data handling for calibration of analytical methods, to classification of Chromatographie and spectroscopic patterns, to component identification and multicomponent analysis, and to designing fuzzy expert systems for selection of analytical procedures.     

Pattern of separatrices and intrinsic reaction coordinates for degenerate thermal rearrangements

A structurally stable model of the standard adiabatic gradient field of the potential energy surface for certain pericyclic reactions is derived.These reactions are not subjected to the principles of orbital isomerism or to the Woodward-Hoffmann rules.Use is made of a principle established by Ariel Fernández and Oktay Sinanolu which precludes direct meta-IRC connections between transition states.It is shown that Jahn-Teller isomers of the singlet biradicals involved in the process are not interconvertible since the biradical configuration is not a transition state but a critical point with Hessian matrix with two negative eigenvalues.The topological features of the PES obtained by combinatorial methods are in full agreement with earlier results obtained from MINDO calculations.     

四元体系KCl-ZnCl2-HCl(～10.61%)-H2O(298.15K)的相平衡及其固相化合物

０引言研究发现，卤化物KX与ZnX２组成的复盐化合物是一种良好的激光基质材料犤１犦，在掺杂了稀土离子的这些化合物中已经实现了低温或室温下的激光输出犤２，３犦。在卤化物中，氯化物的发光强度又大于氟化物犤４犦。因此，我们以KCl与ZnCl２为研究对象，通过盐酸溶液中的相化学反应来了解它们之间可能形成新化合物的种类和溶液中的反应行为。本文对KCl与ZnCl２在２５℃１１％的盐酸－水四元体系中的相平衡关系进行了研究，并从体系中发现并得到了未见文献报道的５∶４型新化合物５KCl·４ZnCl２·３H２O。１实验部分１．１药品及…     

Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbCl_6和Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbBr_6的能级

本文应用双层点电荷配位场(DSPF)模型计算了Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbCl_6和Yb~(3+):Cs_2NaYbBr_6的能级,分析了二体系中Yb~(3+)与Cl~-、Br~-的成键。     

Thermodynamics of molecular interactions in ethyl iodide+toluene mixtures

The excess Gibb's free energy of mixing, G^E, for ethyl iodide+toluene at 25°C have been obtained from the measured vapor pressuure data. The H^E and G^E values for ethyl iodide+toluene are positive throughout the ethyl iodide concentration range and G^E>H^E. The results have been analyzed in terms of Flory and ideal associated model theory of nonelectrolyte solutions. It has been observed that the ideal associated model approach which assumes the presence of AN and A₂B molecular species describes well (within±10 J-mol^–1 in the worst case) the general dependence of H^E on X_A (mole fraction of ethyl iodide) over the whole composition range for ethyl iodide+toluene mixtures. The equilibrium constants for A+A AB and 2A+BA₂B reactions along with the enthalpies of formation of AB and A₂B molecular species have been calculated.     

BF_3·OEt_2对钼体系催化合成1,2-聚丁二烯的影响

在以加氢汽油为溶剂,MoCl_3(C_7H_(15)COO)_2(Mo)为主催化剂,(i-Bu)_2AlO〈O〉(Al)为助催化剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯的二元催化体系中,添加BF_3CH3·OEt_2等,对体系的催化活性影响显著。以的混合物为第三组份加入催化体系,较大幅度提高了钼系催化体系的活性。在Mo/Bd=8.0×10~(-5)(摩尔比),聚合5小时,丁二烯转化率可达到70％。初步搞清了钼催化体系合成的1,2-聚丁二烯中产生凝胶的条件,推测了凝胶的生成原因,考察了聚合条件对催化活性、分子量及微观结构含量的影响。