中国牡丹的输出及其在国外的发展 Ⅱ:野生牡丹

报道了中国野生牡丹向国外（主要是欧美）输出及其后发展的情况，并探讨了如何利用野生种质资源培育新品种的问题：欧美利用黄牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａｌｕｔｅａ）和紫牡丹（Ｐｄａｌａｖａｙｉ）与普通牡丹（Ｐｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ）杂交已取得巨大成就；大花黄牡丹（Ｐｌｕｄｌｏｗｉ）、狭叶牡丹（Ｐｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉ）、紫斑牡丹（Ｐｒｏｃｋｉ）和杨山牡丹（Ｐｏｓｔｉ）等野生种在育种中应用的潜力很大．丰富花色、延长花期、扩大裁培范围等育种问题，均可利用野生种质资源加以解决．     

内蒙古地区蝗虫一新种记述(直翅目: 蝗总科)

记述采自内蒙古自治区网翅蝗科昆虫一新种，即正兰牧草蝗Ｏｍｏｃｅｓｔｕｓｚｈｅｎｇｌａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．模式标本保存于陕西师范大学生命科学学院动物研究所标本室．     

Fiber-optic sensors for the estimation of oxygen gradients within biofilms on metals

This paper presents an optical approach to measure the oxygen gradients in biofilms grown on stainless-steel 316L. The sensor is constructed by immobilizing an oxygen-quenchable fluorophore at the tip of an optical fiber. The response time and reversibility of fiber-optic sensor have been analyzed. By mounting the optical fiber using a computerized micromanipulator, the vertical profiles of oxygen are measured with 10 μm depth resolution across biofilms on metal coupons. Steep concentration gradients of oxygen have been observed within the biofilm, both perpendicular and parallel to the metal surface. Optical response of the biofilm grown metal surface is found to be a consistent measure of the oxygen profiles within biofilms.     

Studies of the naturally occurring biomethylation of selenium and the determination of the products

A systematic study of the biomethylation of selenium and the determination of the methylated species indicates preliminarily that selenium is susceptible to natural biomethylation under certain environmental conditions. Detectable levels of methylated selenium species, including dimethyl selenide [(CH₃)₂Se], dimethyl diselenide [(CH₃)₂Se₂] and dimethylselenone [(CH₃)₂SeO₂] have been detected by gas chromatography – graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GC – GF AA) from a variety of environmental samples. Findings of naturally methylated selenium species from both soil samples and related air samples suggest that there may exist a localized cycle of selenium between ground soil and the ambient air. Factors that influence the sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of alkyl selenide compounds by GC – GF AA have also been investigated. Flashlike injection mode and addition of about 10% of hydrogen gas to the argon carrier gas provide for highly sensitive detection. Reproducible determination can be obtained with a precision of about 6% and the detection limits are 0.3 ng Se m^?3.     

Experimental tests of the spectroscopic coupling for neutral oxygen

The radiation emitted from a high-current wall-stabilized arc operated in helium with some admixture of CO₂ has been studied. Intensities of fine structure components for 10 multiplets of neutral oxygen (O I) have been determined applying the emission method. On the basis of measured line intensities relative line strengths within each studied multiplet have been obtained. The results are compared with data resulting from the LS-coupling scheme and with other theoretical as well as experimental results available in literature.     

RP‐HPLC determination of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids in Rhodiola rosea and identification by LC‐ESI‐TOF

An HPLC method permitting the simultaneous determination of fourteen analytes (phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids) from the roots of Rhodiola rosea was developed. A separation was achieved within 35 min using C₁₈ column material and a water–acetonitrile mobile phase, both containing a 0.05% phosphoric acid gradient system and a temperature of 53°C. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of 14 phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids were found to be 0.20–1.0 and 0.5–3.5 µg/mL, respectively. The wavelengths used for quantification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids with a diode array detector were 205, 220 and 251 nm. The method was used to analyze the roots of two species of Rhodiola and commercial extracts of R. rosea and provides preliminary evidence of phytochemical differences between North American and Eurasian populations of R. rosea. LC–mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface method is described for the identification of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids in various Rhodiola samples. This method involved the use of the [M + H]⁺, [M + NH₄]⁺ and [M + Na]⁺ ions in the positive ion mode with extractive ion monitoring (EIM). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Expressing Forest Origins in the Chemical Composition of Cooperage Oak Woods and Corresponding Wines by Using FTICR‐MS

A non‐targeted, ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometric, direct analysis of oak‐wood extracts from two species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl.) from three French forests, and of a wine aged in barrels derived therefrom has been performed to identify families of metabolites that could discriminate both the species and the geographical origin of woods. From 12 T ultra‐high‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra of wood extracts, hundreds of mass signals were identified as possible significant biomarkers of the two species, with phenolic and carbohydrate moieties leading the differentiation between Q. robur and Q. petraea, respectively, as corroborated by both FTMS and NMR data. For the first time, it is shown that oak woods can also be discriminated on the basis of hundreds of forest‐related compounds, and particular emphasis is put on sessile oaks from the Tronçais forest, for which sugars are significantly discriminant. Despite the higher complexity and diversity of wine metabolites, forest‐related compounds can also be detected in wines aged in related barrels. It is only by using these non‐targeted analyses that such innovative results, which reveal specific chemodiversities of natural materials, can be obtained.     

卟啉类光敏剂的制备及其研究(Ⅴ)──血卟啉及其衍生物的激光荧光光谱及单态氧的测定

卟啉、氧和光是光化治癌的三个基本要素。本文测定了血卟啉及其衍生物的荧光 光谱及单态氧的相对量子产额。结果表明，血卟啉的荧光强度和单态氧的量子产 额较高，它们均为有效的光敏剂。