PBA@POM Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

To realize the effective conversion of renewable energy through water decomposition, efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential. In this article, PBA@POM was successfully prepared with a Prussian blue analogue (PBA) as the initial structure. A facile hydrothermal process is reported for obtaining PBA@POM by etching the cubic PBA with a strong Brønsted acid, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ (HPMo). The hollow cube structure not only exposes more active sites but also promotes electron transport, which results in excellent electrocatalytic activity for the OER. Compared with the PBA, which initially simply adhered to POM, the optimum PBA@POM hybrids display remarkably enhanced OER catalytic activity, with an almost constant overpotential of 440 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 and a small Tafel slope (23.45 mV dec^?1). The facilely prepared PBA@POM with good electrochemical activity and stability promises great potential for the OER.     

Thermal behaviour of bisitaconimide and reactive diluent blends

Thermal behaviour of blends based on N,N'-bis(4-itaconimidophenyl) ether (IE) and 4,4'-bis(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy) benzophenone (R₁) or 4,4'-bis(2-allylphenoxy) benzophenone (R₂) are described in this paper. The reactive diluent content was varied from 5-50% (mass/mass) in these blends. A decrease in the melting point and exothermic peak temperature was observed with increasing mass percent of reactive diluent. Thermal stability of blends was affected at high mass percentage of reactive diluents. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置研制

研制一种新型可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置。该装置由标准气体、零点气、脱氧纯化器、减压阀、调节阀、4通阀、5通阀、不锈钢管路、流量控制系统、移动平台等组成。该装置气密性好,15 min内可将装置内氧气浓度由20.9%降至不大于0.1μmol/mol,对于0~10μmol/mol的微量氧分析仪检定结果的扩展不确定度为Urel=1.7%FS(k=2)。该装置满足气体标准物质的连续切换和在线检定的需要,检定时间短,结果准确可靠,可为在线式和非在线式微量氧分析仪的量值溯源提供有效保障。     

STUDIES OF MULTICOMPONENT COMPLEX OXIDE CATALYSTS FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE VI.SURFACE BASICITY AND SURFACE ACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES OF LiTi_xLa_(1-x)O_2 λ MULTICOMPONENT OXIDE CATALYSTS

The surface basicity of Ti-La-Li multicoinponent oxides has been investigated by means of CO2-TPD. The experiment results show that C2 (C2H6 C2H4) selectivity is related to surface basic strength. The surface active oxygen species have also been characterized by means of XPS, O2-TPD and so on. It has been indicated that C2 selectivity and CH4 conversion are correlated with lattice oxygen and the adsorbed oxygen on the surface of the catalyst respectively In the O2-TPD experiments, it has also been found that there are three kinds of oxygen species on the surface of the series catalvsts, which are a (100℃ 750℃) Among them α-oxvgen causes deep oxidation whileβand γ oxygen species are related to oxidalive coupling of methane (OCM).     

Amino acid-pyrrole N-conjugates; a new class of antioxidants II. Effectiveness of singlet oxygen quenching by luminescence measurements

The pyrrole-amino acid and peptide N-conjugates synthesized from tyrosine, histidine and glutathione very effectively quench the 1270 nm singlet oxygen luminescence, at rates ranging from 10⁸ to 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggests that the electron-donating properties of the methyl groups after 2,5-dimethyl substitution on the pyrrole ring are probably an important determinant of the reactivity of singlet oxygen with the N-conjugate of glutathione. However, intramolecular interactions between the pyrrole ring and the side chain may also modulate the reactivity of the antioxidant as suggested by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies carried out on tyrosine derivatives. Efficient fluorescence quenching of the phenol ring by the pyrrole ring occurs in the tyrosine derivatives. The reactivities of these antioxidants with ¹O₂ are comparable in methanol, ethanol and D₂O.     

Separation of chlamydosporol epimers by reversed-phase HPLC using commercial solvent optimisation software

Summary Two epimers of the mycotoxin chlamydosporol were separated by HPLC on an RP-18 column using a quaternary mobile phase consisting of water (79.1%), methanol (10.0%), acetonitrile (10.4%) and tetrahydrofuran (0.5%), with a flow rate of 1 ml min^–1. This optimal composition of mobile phase, with which the resolution value for the two epimers (1 and2) was 2.73 with retention times of 5.88 and 7.12 min, respectively, was achieved by the application of Philips Solvent Optimisation Software PU 6100. The presence of free silanols on the stationary phase was shown to be an essential requirement for the separation of the chlamydosporol epimers.     

Palladium-catalyzed cascade allylation/carbopalladation/cross coupling: a novel three-component reaction for the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans

A novel one-pot palladium-catalyzed cascade between 2-iodophenol, methyl bromomethylacrylate and an arylboronic acid provides an efficient access to heterocycles possessing the 3,3-disubstituted-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran skeleton via allylation/carbopalladation/Suzuki cross-coupling.     

Oxidation of Styrene with Molecular Oxygen in Supercritical CO2

The oxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen catalyzed by PdCl2 CuCl2 has been investigated in supercritical CO2 with a batch reactor. The oxidative system of styrene contains four components at the beginning and seven components during the reaction. The critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical density at different conversions are determined by using a high-pressure view cell. The effect of phase behavior on the conversion and selectivity were studied. Experimental results showed that the critical parameters of the reaction mixture at fixed initial molar ratio changed with the conversion of reactant. The conversion of styrene reached maximum near the critical density of the reaction mixture. Product selectivity also varied with density of reaction mixture and could be tuned to some degree.     

Catalytic Conversion of 2-Naphthol to 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone Under Mild Conditions

Introduction 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ), existing in natural plants,1,2 is popularly separated and purified as dye or pigment. Recent research results show that, with the function to prevent the formation of protein coenzyme of HIV-I, HNQ can inhibit HIV virus from copying and propagating,3,4 HNQs derivatives and di-chloroallyl lawsone are also the inhibitor for RNA syn-thesis of cancer.5 It is well known that there is a rela-tionship between the side chain attached to HNQ an…     

Increased oxygen transfer in a yeast fermentation using a microbubble dispersion

A microbubble dispersion (MBD) was used to supply oxygen for aerobic fermentations in a standard 2 L stirred tank fermenter. The microbubble dispersion was formed using only surfactants produced naturally. Growth rates ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were found to be equal or greater with MBD sparging than with gas sparging. The oxygen transfer coefficent with MBD sparging was found to be 190/h and independent of impeller speed from 100–580 rpm. The oxygen transfer coefficient with air sparging rose from 55 to 132/h over the same range of impeller speeds. Power requirements for the fermenter systems were estimated.