Al掺杂α-Fe2O3材料的制备、表征和气敏特性

采用均相沉淀法制备了纯α-Fe2O3(300 ℃煅烧)和Al掺杂α-Fe2O3(300和400 ℃煅烧), 使用SEM, XRD, ICP和红外光谱等手段进行表征, 并利用气敏仪测试无水乙醇和90＃汽油在不同条件下对材料的响应性能. 结果表明, 微量Al掺杂不改变α-Fe2O3材料的物相, 但会阻碍晶粒生长, 使颗粒变小及Fe2O3晶格间隙中的铁原子数目增多, 材料的导电率增大, 从而显著提高材料的气敏性能. Al掺杂α-Fe2O3对乙醇的响应性能优于对汽油的响应性能, 在乙醇气氛中, 材料对湿度仍然不敏感. 经400 ℃煅烧的Al掺杂α-Fe2O3稳定性较好, 可作为检测乙醇气体的半导体气敏材料.     

Analysis of Fatty Acids,Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while palmitic and stearic acid were the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.     

FTIR监测北京地区CO2和CH4及其变化分析

近几十年来,温室效应导致地表温度明显上升,其所引起的全球气候变迁问题越来越受到人们的关注.CO2和CH4是大气中主要的两种人为温室气体,对它们进行连续的测量,获取它们长时间变化情况对大气环境科学具有重要的意义.目前国内监测这两种气体的主要手段是气相色谱方法.鉴于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的优点,使用开放式长光程FTIR系统在北京地区对这两种气体进行了监测.该系统直接测量开放光路中的环境气体的大气吸收光谱,并使用非线性最小二乘方法进行光谱分析,获取待测组分的浓度信息.在实验部分给出了2005年9月4日到2005年9月10日6天中的北京地区CO2及CH4的测量结果,并对两者的变化趋势和相关性进行了分析.     

Pt coated Cr2O3 thin films for resistive gas sensors

The resistive response of atomic layer deposited thin epitaxial α-Cr₂O₃(0 0 1) films, to H₂ and CO in air, was studied. The films were covered with Pt nanoislands formed by electron-beam evaporation of a sub-monolayer amount of the material. The gas measurements were performed at 250°C and 450°C. These temperatures led to different proportion of chemical states, Pt²⁺ and Pt⁴⁺, to which the Pt oxidized. The modification was ascertained by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. As a result of the modification, the response was fast at 250°C, but slowed at 450°C. A disadvantageous abundance of Pt⁴⁺ arising at 450°C in air could be diminished by high-vacuum annealing thus restoring the response properties of the system at 250°C.      

垃圾填埋场沼气精制燃气工艺过程分析

论述了填埋场沼气的产生过程及成分,对填埋场沼气精制燃气的工艺过程进行了分析,若能对沼气进行脱硫、脱碳和脱水,可精制出以甲烷为主的高品质洁净燃气能源,供居民燃用或是燃气车辆使用,这样,既可减少填埋场大气污染物的排放,又可节约能源。     

Molecular dynamics simulation of gas adsorption on defected graphene

Gas sensing is one of the most promising applications for graphene. Using molecular dynamics simulation method, adsorption isotherm of xenon (Xe) gas on defected and perfect graphene is studied in order to investigate sensing properties of graphene for Xe gas. In this method, first generation of Brenner many-body potential is used to simulate the interaction of carbon–carbon (C) atoms in graphene, and Lennard–Jones two-body potential is used to simulate interaction of Xe–Xe and Xe–C atoms. In the simulated systems, adsorption coverage, radial distribution function, heat of adsorption, binding energy and specific heat capacity at constant volume are calculated for several temperatures between 90 K and 130 K, and various pressures. It was found that both of the defected and perfect graphene could be introduced as very good candidates for adsorption of Xe gas.     

超流费米原子气体的动力学自旋结构因子的研究

主要计算了处于Bose—Einstein-Condensation·Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer（BEC—BCS）过渡区的超流费米原子气体的动力学自旋结构因子，并研究了它与频率的依赖关系．发现当波矢q处于（0．05kF，kF）范围内时，在小于超流能隙值的频率范围内动力学自旋结构因子会呈现一个峰．我们认为这个峰是由超流能隙下的自旋激发造成的．     

Effect of finite energy of intravalley acoustic phonons on the temperature of non-equilibrium electrons in a quantum surface

The effect of finite energy of intravalley acoustic phonons on the electric field dependence of the temperature of the non-equilibrium carriers in a quantum surface has been studied here. The calculations have been made, for a rather pure material, at low lattice temperature. Numerical results are obtained for GaAs and Si. The results are interesting being significantly different from what one obtains by neglecting the phonon energy.     

煤气锅炉燃料系统的运行管理

煤气锅炉运行中煤气事故的发生频率较高.结合安泰集团煤气锅炉的实践,从燃料输送、煤气点火、运行控制、检修管理等方面对锅炉燃料系统的运行提出一些建议.