Effects of lithium salt and poly(4‐vinyl phenol) on crystalline and amorphous phases in poly(ethylene oxide)

Effects of a strong‐interacting amorphous polymer, poly(4‐vinyl phenol) (PVPh), and an alkali metal salt, lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄), on the amorphous and crystalline domains in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Addition of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄, up to 10% of the total mass) led to enhanced T_g's, but did not disturb the miscibility state in the amorphous phase of PEO/PVPh blends, where the salt in the form of lithium cation and ClO anion was well dispersed in the matrix. Competitive interactions between PEO, PVPh, and Li⁺ and ClO ions were evidenced by the elevation of glass transition temperatures and shifting of IR peaks observed for LiClO₄‐doped PEO/PVPh blend system. However, the doping distinctly influenced the crystalline domains of LiClO₄‐doped PEO or LiClO₄‐doped PEO/PVPh blend system. LiClO₄ doping in PEO exerted significant retardation on PEO crystal growth. The growth rates for LiClO₄‐doped PEO were order‐of‐magnitude slower than those for the salt‐free neat PEO. Dramatic changes in spherulitic patterns were also seen, in that feather‐like dendritic spherulites are resulted, indicating strong interactions. Introduction of both miscible amorphous PVPh polymer and LiClO₄ salt in PEO can potentially be a new approach of designing PEO as matrix materials for electrolytes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3357–3368, 2006     

裂缝油藏回注溶解气混相驱替特征及影响因素

裂缝油藏回注溶解气混相驱油机理较为复杂。以实际裂缝型挥发油藏为例基于双孔双渗组分模型研究了回注溶解气的驱替特征和原油驱动方式;分析了扩散作用、窜流能力、压敏效应、采油速度和回注气比例的影响规律。结果表明:回注溶解气混相驱替时,原始弹性能量、原油溶解膨胀和注气波及同时存在;地层压力逐渐下降,溶解气油比逐渐增高;储层原油轻质组分和饱和压力逐渐增加,黏度和密度逐渐减小。扩散作用和裂缝者质窜流有利于减小注入气沿裂缝的突进同时降低基质原油黏度和密度,但减弱了注气波及作用;压敏效应可以增加岩石的弹性能量,有利于提高原油采出程度;适当地提高采油速度和回注气比例有助于增强波及作用其中1.2的回注比可以实现注采平衡。     

Blends of a new thermoplastic in a thermoset epoxy matrix

Properties of thermoplastic modified epoxy network have been studied. The particularity of this work is the use of new thermoplastic epoxies whose structure is close to the final matrix. Blends of thermoset epoxy (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A/4-4′ methylenebis [3-chloro 2,6-diethylaniline]) with a thermoplastic content from 5 to 40%w have been realised. Initial miscibility in the thermoset precursors shows an UCST behaviour with a maximal value near 130°C for a thermoplastic content of 10%. Due to the presence of tertiary amine and pendant hydroxyl groups on the thermoplastic backbone, epoxy amine reactions are faster than for the neat system but the thermoplastic seems not to have reacted with the thermoset network. The final blends are transparent but toughening increase is rather low.