L-脯氨酸催化的不对称Aldol缩合反应实验设计

介绍了L-脯氨酸催化的对硝基苯甲醛与丙酮的不对称Aldol反应的实验设计。室温反应2 h后，柱层析得到（R）-4-（4-硝基苯基）-4-羟基-2-丁酮，利用手性高效液相色谱测试得到产物的ee值。学生实验结果显示，收率范围为53%~74%，对映选择性范围为62%~69%。本实验方案将Aldol反应的研究成果设计成综合性实验，不仅强化训练了学生基本的实验技能和操作，同时拓宽了知识面，培养了学生分析问题、解决问题等方面的综合能力。     

Influences of aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles and parameter studies

The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.     

Deflagration-to-detonation transition process for spherical aluminum dust/epoxypropane mist/air mixtures in a large-scale experimental tube

The deflagration-to-detonation transitions (DDTs) for clouds of spherical aluminum dust (SAD) mixed with air or epoxypropane mist (EPM) and air were investigated in a 29.6-m-long experimental tube of 199 mm in diameter. The clouds formed through the injection of SAD and SAD/liquid epoxypropane samples into the experimental tube. Explosions of the SAD/air mixture were initiated using a 7-m-long EPM/air cloud explosion ignited by a 40-J electric spark. Explosions in SAD/EPM/air clouds were initiated using a 1...     

蓖麻油生物沥青调和沥青混合料使用性能研究

为了评价蓖麻油生物沥青调和沥青混合料的使用性能,设计了具有5种蓖麻油生物沥青掺量且级配均为AC-20C的沥青混合料,根据各掺量最佳油石比制作试件并进行混合料使用性能试验.根据试验结果分析了不同掺量调和沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性、路面设计参数等性能指标.分析表明,随着生物沥青掺量的增加,调和沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性、抗压回弹模量逐渐降低,但在一定掺量范围内满足JTG F40—2004《公路沥青路面施工技术规范》的要求,此外水稳定性在加入消石灰后得到显著改善.随着生物沥青掺量的增加,劈裂抗拉强度降低至一谷值后略有提高,低温抗裂性得到改善.由此可见,将蓖麻油生物沥青调和沥青替代石油沥青用于混合料,在一定掺量范围内是可行的.     

Synthesis of Depo‐Medrol–chitosan hydrogel as new drug slow‐release appliance and investigation of release kinetics by high‐performance liquid chromatography

The present study deals with preparation and optimization of a novel chitosan hydrogel‐based matrix by suspension cross‐linking method for controlled release of Depo‐Medrol. The controlled release of Depo‐Medrol for effective Rheumatoid arthritis disease has become an imperative field in the drug delivery system. In this context, it was intended to optimize loading circumstances by experimental design and also study the release kinetics of Depo‐Medrol entrapped in the chitosan matrix in order to obtain maximal efficiency for drug loading. The optimum concentrations of chitosan (2.5 g), glutaraldehyde (3.05 μL) and Depo‐Medrol (0.1 mg) were set up to achieve the highest value of drug loaded and the most sustained release from the chitosan matrix. In vitro monitoring of drug release kinetic using high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that 73% of the Depo‐Medrol was released within 120 min, whereas remained drug was released during the next 67 h. High correlation between first‐order and Higuchi's kinetic models indicates a controlled diffusion of Depo‐Medrol through the surrounding media. Moreover, recovery capacity >82% and entrapment efficiency of 58–88% were achieved under optimal conditions. Therefore, the new synthesized Depo Medrol–chitosan is an applicable appliance for arthritis therapy by slow release mechanism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学创新实验班培养模式探析

大学创新实验班根据当今社会对人才质量和人才规格的需求，利用新的教育模式和培养方案，造就基础好、能力强、素质高的一流本科生，为他们未来在完成整个高等教育后成为具有国际竞争力的优秀人才奠定坚实的基础。实验班充分利用了大学雄厚的文理学科优势和良好的教学资源，探索本科阶段低年级通识和基础教育、高年级宽口径专业教育相结合的培养模式，突出基础、能力、素质的全面发展，实施新型的管理模式，并为社会提供适应能力强的本科毕业生。     

经济学实验课程设计的探索性研究

在经济学教学中引入实验方法是经济学教学手段改革的重要内容,开设经济学实验课程已成为经济学教学改革的必然。文中阐述了经济学实验内涵和意义,对经济学实验课程设计的过程和方法进行了分析。以完全信息静态博弈实验为例,对经济学实验课程的设计进行了探索,并明确指出经济学实验课程设计中应注意的问题。     

落球法测定液体粘滞系数误差的研究

液体粘滞系数的测定是一项基础物理实验,影响此实验结果的因素较多,在实际操作中往往会存在误差较大的情况。通过改进实验仪器,对各个重要参数进行了多次规范的测量,并研究了各测量参数的相对误差传递,旨在找出减小误差的方法。     

针型复合钨/氧化钨微型pH复合电极的研制及应用

利用自制的钨/氧化钨为p H指示电极,以Ag/Ag Cl电极为参比电极,组装于不锈钢针头内,制成针型钨/氧化钨微型p H复合传感器.该复合p H电极对H+的响应范围为p H=2.0~11.0,能斯特响应斜率为-53.83 m V/p H,响应时间小于1 min.该电极具有机械强度高、响应快、重现性好、制作简单等优点,并已应用于水果原位微区测量,具有较好的效果.     

Die Füllstandsmeßeinrichtung 24016

Seit nahezu 10 Jahren warden vom VEB Robotron Meβelektronik “Otto Schön” Dresden kontinuierliche Füllstandsmeβeinrichtungen hergestellt. Sie arbeiten nach dem Prinzip der Strahlenstreuung im Füllgut. Quelle und Strahlungsdetektor befinden sich — durch einen Absorber getrennt — in einer gemeinsamen Sonde. Die Sonde wird durch einen Motorantrieb dem jeweiligen Füllstand nachgeführt. Diese Messung wird bei Behälterhöhen bis maximal 40 m eingesetzt. In den Behälter ist der Einbau eines Schutzrohres für die Sonde erforderlich. Da strahlungsquelle und Detektor in einer gemeinsamen Sonde untergebracht sind, wird keine groβe Quellenaktivität benötigt. Die beschriebene neue Entwicklung ersetzt ab 2. Halbjahr 1982 den mit einigen Nachteilen behafteten Vorläufer dieser Füllstandsmeβanlage. Durch die vorgenommenen Verbesserungen warden der Inbetriebnahme- und der Wartungsaufwand verringert und die Zuverlässigkeit erhöbt.