狭缝光栅自由立体显示器立体可视区域的研究

提出了反映观察区域某一点是否是合适的立体观察点立体图像质量因子的概念.根据狭缝光栅自由立体显示器的结构和工作原理并应用几何光学知识,分析得出了立体图像质量因子的计算公式,并给出了立体显示器的立体图像质量因子的计算结果.通过定义立体图像质量因子的阈值,得到狭缝光栅自由立体显示器的立体可视区域.     

Ultrasound-assisted crystallization (sonocrystallization)

The positive influence of ultrasound (US) on crystallization processes is shown by the dramatic reduction of the induction period, supersaturation conditions and metastable zone width. Manipulation of this influence can be achieved by changing US-related variables such as frequency, intensity, power and even geometrical characteristics of the ultrasonic device (e.g. horn type size). The volume of the sonicated solution and irradiation time are also variables to be optimized in a case-by-case basis as the mechanisms of US action on crystallization remain to be established. Nevertheless, the results obtained so far make foreseeable that crystal size distribution, and even crystal shape, can be ‘tailored’ by appropriate selection of the sonication conditions.     

利用电磁法研究HMX与TATB混合钝感炸药的冲击起爆特性

为研究含有少量奥克托金(HMX)且以三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)为基的高能钝感炸药PBX-3的冲击起爆反应增长规律,采用火炮驱动蓝宝石飞片的方法和铝基组合式电磁粒子速度计技术进行了一维平面冲击实验。通过实验测量撞击表面及内部不同深度处的冲击波后粒子速度,得到PBX-3炸药的Hugoniot关系。根据冲击波示踪器所测数据绘制了炸药到爆轰的时间-距离(x-t)图,获得了反映炸药冲击起爆性能的Pop关系。将入射压力为12.964 GPa时达到爆轰的6条速度曲线修整成相同零点,通过读取6条曲线的分离点即反应区末端的C-J点,计算出化学反应区时间和宽度。     

Physical characterization of a new composition of oxidized zirconium-2.5 wt% niobium produced using a two step process for biomedical applications

Zirconium and particularly Zr-2.5 wt%Nb (Zr2.5Nb) alloy are useful for engineering bearing applications because they can be oxidized in air to form a hard surface ceramic. Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) due to its abrasion resistant ceramic surface and biocompatible substrate alloy has been used as a bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty for several years. OxZr is characterized by hard zirconium oxide (oxide) formed on Zr2.5Nb using one step thermal oxidation carried out in air. Because the oxide is only at the surface, the bulk material behaves like a metal, with high toughness. The oxide, furthermore, exhibits high adhesion to the substrate because of an oxygen-rich diffusion hardened zone (DHZ) interposing between the oxide and the substrate.In this study, we demonstrate a two step process that forms a thicker DHZ and thus increased depth of hardening than that can be obtained using a one step oxidation process. The first step is thermal oxidation in air and the second step is a heat treatment in vacuum. The second step drives oxygen from the oxide formed in the first step deeper into the substrate to form a thicker DHZ. During the process only a portion of the oxide is dissolved. This new composition (DHOxZr) has approximately 4-6 μm oxide similar to that of OxZr. The nano-hardness of the oxide is similar but the DHZ is approximately 10 times thicker. The stoichiometry of the oxide is similar and a secondary phase rich in oxygen is present through the entire thickness. Due to the increased depth of hardening, the critical load required for the onset of oxide cracking is approximately 1.6 times more than that of the oxide of OxZr. This new composition has a potential to be used as a bearing surface in applications where greater depth of hardening is required.     

汶川地震断裂带岩脉矿物拉曼谱峰特征

对汶川地震断裂带深溪沟出露的基岩错动面两侧岩脉中的石英矿物进行了拉曼谱峰测定, 并根据所测石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数的偏移量估算了断裂带中的压应力分布。测试结果表明, 错动面附近岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量为3.29 cm-1, 相应的压应力值为368.63 MPa, 明显低于错动面两侧应力积累, 这可能是由于错动面的多次活动导致了应力不断得到释放。断裂南东盘(下盘)远离错动面, 岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量具有增加的趋势, 相应的应力积累也逐渐增强, 距错动面21 m处的石英样品的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移4.40 cm-1, 相应压应力可达到494.77 MPa。剖面北西盘(上盘)在距错动面10 m处, 样品464 cm-1拉曼谱峰的偏移量达到最大值, 相应的应力积累为519.87 MPa, 其后远离错动面应力积累开始减弱, 在北西盘17 m处, 应力积累骤然下降至400.37 MPa。在西北盘距错动面27 m处, 岩脉石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量下降至3.21 cm-1, 应力已经减弱到359.59 MPa, 这可能是由于该处位于断裂带的边缘, 远离错动面, 受到了较小的断层活动的影响。因此, 汶川地震断裂带内的应力虽然得到部分释放, 但剩余的应力分布并不均匀, 而且在局部还存在较高的应力积累, 这反应了断裂带中岩石的力学性质在空间上具有不均匀性。     

Observations of the atmospheric boundary layer across the land-sea transition zone using a scanning Mie lidar

Optical properties of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) above the land-sea transition interface were measured using a scanning Mie lidar located 30 km away from the Adriatic coast. Based on the two-dimensional range-height-indicator scans, detailed information on the ABL was obtained, including parameters such as atmospheric optical depth, aerosol extinction coefficient and the height of the ABL. The presented case study indicates that the height of the ABL in the land-sea transition zone and the adjacent mountainous region was changing rapidly due to highly variable atmospheric conditions.     

逆向环形分布射流迴流特性的数值计算

数值计算表明,逆向多环形分布射流可造成颗粒能直接进入,并能进行强烈的动量、能量交換的理想的迴流区结构。多环形结构可在大范围內造成所需尺寸的迴流区。逆向射流和主流速度比、环直径、射流直径和孔数、环的结构形式及离燃烧室进口的距离是影响迴流特性的主要参数。     

三峡库区消落带土壤N2O排放和反硝化影响因子分析

应用乙炔抑制培养法研究了水分、温度、氮源和碳源等影响因子对三峡库区腹地消落带土壤N2O排放和反硝化作用的影响,并与原位试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,土壤含水量是影响土壤N2O排放和反硝化作用的重要因素,反硝化速率随着土壤充水孔隙度（WFPS）的增加而增大,土壤反硝化速率最大值出现在土壤WFPS为100%时,N2O排放速率最大值出现在土壤WFPS为60%时。温度在10～40 ℃范围内,土壤N2O排放速率和反硝化速率随着温度的升高而增大,相关性分析表明,土壤N2O排放速率和反硝化速率均与温度呈显著正相关。外加氮源为NO -3-N时,反硝化速率随氮源量的增加有减小的趋势,过多的硝态氮抑制反硝化作用;而添加易被微生物利用的葡萄糖作为碳源则会明显提高土壤反硝化速率,当每千克土加入碳源量为240 mg时反硝化速率最大。