Synchrotron scanning photoemission microscopy of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide minerals

Scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) has been applied to the investigation of homogeneous and heterogeneous metal sulfide mineral surfaces. Three mineral samples were investigated: homogeneous chalcopyrite, heterogeneous chalcopyrite with bornite, and heterogeneous chalcopyrite with pyrite. Sulfur, copper and iron SPEM images, i.e. surface‐selective elemental maps with high spatial resolution acquired using the signal from the S 2p and Cu and Fe 3p photoemission peaks, were obtained for the surfaces after exposure to different oxidation conditions (either exposed to air or oxidized in pH 9 solution), in addition to high‐resolution photoemission spectra from individual pixel areas of the images. Investigation of the homogeneous chalcopyrite sample allowed for the identification of step edges using the topography SPEM image, and high‐resolution S 2p spectra acquired from the different parts of the sample image revealed a similar rate of surface oxidation from solution exposure for both step edge and a nearby terrace site. SPEM was able to successfully distinguish between chalcopyrite and bornite on the heterogeneous sample containing both minerals, based upon sulfur imaging. The high‐resolution S 2p spectra acquired from the two regions highlighted the faster air oxidation of the bornite relative to the chalcopyrite. Differentiation between chalcopyrite and pyrite based upon contrast in SPEM images was not successful, owing to either the poor photoionization cross section of the Cu and Fe 3p electrons or issues with rough fracture of the composite surface. In spite of this, high‐resolution S 2p spectra from each mineral phase were successfully obtained using a step‐scan approach.     

中子活化分析在鄂尔多斯地区元素分析中的应用

利用中子活化对鄂尔多斯盆地油气田上方的地质样品进行了某些元素的检测,通过实验分析,得到了该地区岩石中某些元素的含量,并对该地区的放射性元素作出了评价,绘制了样品的稀土配分模式图和评价了当地的金属矿产资源情况.结果表明,在油气田的上方,放射性元素铀呈现出负异常;钍和钾无明显异常;岩石中的其它元素和中国大陆地壳元素丰度基本...     

Differentiation of organic and non-organic ewe's cheeses using main mineral composition or near infrared spectroscopy coupled to chemometric tools: a comparative study

Two independent methodologies were investigated to achieve the differentiation of ewes’ cheeses from different systems of production (organic and non-organic). Eighty cheeses (40 organic and 40 non-organic) from two systems of production, two different breeds of ewe, different sizes, seasons (summer and winter) and ripening times up to 9 months were elaborated. Their mineral composition or the information provided by their spectra in the near infrared zone (NIR) coupled to chemometric tools were used in order to differentiate between organic and non-organic cheeses. Main mineral composition (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) of cheeses and stepwise lineal discriminant analysis were used to develop a discriminant model. The results from canonical standardised coefficients indicated that the most important mineral was Mg (1.725) followed by P (0.764) and K (0.742). The percentage of correctly classified samples was 88% in internal validation and 90% in external validation, selecting Mg, K and P as variables.Spectral information in the NIR zone was used coupled to a discriminant analysis based on a regression by partial least squares in order to obtain a model which allowed a rate of samples correctly classified of 97% in internal validation and 85% in external validation.     

湖南宁乡钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石重砂锆石地球化学特征、U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

 对湖南宁乡等地多个含有金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石的重砂矿物进行了分离,利用电子探针、阴极发光图像及LA-ICPMS等对其中的锆石进行了主微量元素成分、内部结构及U-Pb同位素年龄的分析。结果表明,不同地点钾镁煌斑岩重砂锆石的地球化学特征具有一定相似性;与钾镁煌斑岩有关锆石的U-Pb年龄显示研究区的岩浆活动具有多期次的特点,其中宁乡Ⅰ号及Ⅲ号岩管钾镁煌斑岩4颗重砂锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(101.6 ± 5.1)Ma,显示出较为年轻的特点,但石门上五通地区白垩系红层中也发现具有²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb 谐和年龄为(2 008±29)Ma古老岩浆结晶锆石的存在,证实该地和金刚石有关火山物质的来源具有复杂性。     

江西矿产资源开发有效补偿机制构建研究

江西矿产资源开发补偿机制随国家的矿产资源管理体制改革而得到改进,但整体补偿机制体系目前还没有完全建立,原因与矿产资源开发实践中的市场失灵与政府失灵有关。江西构建矿产资源开发有效补偿机制应把立足点定位在矿产资源的各要素价值对等补偿上,从产权补偿机制、经营补偿机制、生态补偿机制等方面完善补偿的制度体系,以实现矿产资源的天然价值、人工价值和生态价值的对等充分补偿。     

CO-超临界水条件下硅灰石矿化隔离CO2实验

对CO-超临界水制氢条件下硅灰石直接矿物碳酸化隔离制氢过程中产生的CO2进行了实验研究,考察了温度、压力及硅灰石的加入等对反应的影响.结果表明:硅灰石可以在CO-超临界水条件下对反应过程中生成的CO2进行矿物碳酸化固定.温度和CO初压的增加,可以促进H2产率的提高,同时也可以增加硅灰石的矿化效率;硅灰石的加入,对CO与超临界水反应也有一定的促进作用.在4MPa CO初压,420℃和10g硅灰石样品的条件下,产物气体中H2体积分数最高,为12.2%;在6MPa CO初压,400℃和10g硅灰石样品的条件下得到29.9%的矿石最高矿化效率.     

用于道路路面修补的再生粗骨料混凝土的强度与耐久性研究

研究了道路路面修补的再生粗骨料混凝土的强度和耐久性,包括抗折试验、抗压试验、抗渗试验、抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验.试验结果表明:当掺入适量的CUFG可以大大提高它的强度、抗渗等级和明显改善它的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力;它的早期强度能达到重载交通和特重载交通开放要求,其耐久性能够满足道路路面工程的需要.     

长春岭地区泉四段储层敏感性伤害评价

以研究区储层敏感性实验为依据,结合粘土矿物含量及注入水水质的分析,对长春岭地区泉四段进行储层敏感性评价,认为该区储层表现为无—弱速敏、中等偏强—强水敏、中等偏强盐敏、中等偏强酸敏和中等碱敏,储层中水敏性矿物的大量存在导致水敏和盐敏对该区储层伤害最大。因此,为避免水敏和盐敏对低温低压储层的继续伤害,在油藏开发过程中,宜采用矿化度为7 500~10 000 mg/L、水型为NaHCO3型的注入水进行水驱开发。     

天然矿泉水与纯净水抗过氧化作用的比较

将6周龄纯种BALB/C小鼠随机分为4组,一组为皮下注射生理盐水的非致衰对照组,另三个组为注射D-半乳糖的致衰模型组,它们分别饮用天然矿泉水,纯净水和自来水.4个月后,测定红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性.本实验表明,天然矿泉水具有一定的抗过氧化作用.天然矿泉水组与自来水致衰对照组比较,GSH-Px活力变化不显著,而SOD活力明显提高( 7.1%).而纯净水组与天然矿泉水组比较,SOD活力降低了10.2%,GSH-Px活力降低15.5%,两项指标均有显著差异.值得注意的是,纯净水组与自来水致衰对照组相比较,其抗过氧化作用也有所减弱,纯净水组的SOD活力下降3.9%,GSH-Px活力更是显著地下降了18.5%.     

齐墩果酸对铅中毒小鼠股骨组织中矿物质的影响

目的探讨齐墩果酸对铅中毒小鼠股骨组织中矿物质的影响.方法 40只昆明小鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、齐墩果酸组和驱铅组,醋酸铅饮用水造模4周,造模1周后给予齐墩果酸灌胃干预3周,在第4周末处死全部小鼠,取双侧股骨称重,原子吸收法测定小鼠骨组织中铅、钙、铁、锌、铜、镁和锰含量.结果模型组小鼠骨铅含量明显高于对照组,驱铅组骨铅含量低于模型组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).模型组小鼠骨钙和铁含量低于对照组,驱铅组骨钙和铁含量低于模型组(P0.05).各组骨系数、锌、铜、镁和锰的含量没有明显差别(P0.05).结论齐墩果酸能降低小鼠骨铅含量,具有一定的驱铅作用.