Ligand-Enabled Palladium-Catalyzed Through-Space C−H Bond Activation via a Carbopalladation/1,4-Pd Migration/C−H Functionalization Sequence

We report, herein, a palladium-catalyzed cascade comprising carbopalladation, 1,4-Pd-migration and C(sp²)−C(sp²) bond formation to construct a variety of bis-heterocyclic frameworks in a single operational step. The methodology provides a direct approach to introduce an oxadiazole core at a remote location without any functional group obligation, with moderate to good yields.     

溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定油脂类食品中荧光增白剂1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯的迁移量

将所选取的8种油脂类食品捣碎并均匀化后称取5.00(±0.01)g,用乙腈提取2次(每次用10.0mL),振荡3min,离心,每次取其上清液1.0mL,将2次上清液合并,加入水1.3mL,用0.45μm滤膜过滤,滤液作为试液用于高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定。用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱作为固定相,以不同比例的(A)水和(B)乙腈的混合液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱;在波长330nm处,用二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测1,4-二苯基-1,3-丁二烯(DPBD)在保留时间13.01min时的峰面积。测得DPBD的质量浓度在0.01~50.0mg·L^-1内与其相应的峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3s)为0.01mg·kg^-1。以8种食品的空白样品为基体,分别加入3个浓度水平的DPBD标准溶液进行精密度和回收试验,测得回收率为80.1%~119%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.8%~12%。称取所选取的8种样品,分别置于含有DPBD(12.58mg·kg^-1)且相同规格的聚乙烯(PE)食品袋中,抽真空密封。将此密封的8袋食品按GB 31604.1-2015的方法,在不同的迁移条件下进行DPBD从食品袋向食品的迁移试验,并按上述方法测定其含量。试验结果表明DPBD容易向表面油脂含量高的煎炸类食品迁移,在3种煎炸食品中,在不同的迁移条件(温度及时间)下测得的DPBD含量为0.17~0.47mg·kg^-1,而在其余的5种食品中均未测出DPBD。     

The dynamics of a zooplankton–fish system in aquatic habitats

Diel vertical migration is a common movement pattern of zooplankton in marine and freshwater habitats. In this paper, we use a temporally periodic reaction–diffusion–advection system to describe the dynamics of zooplankton and fish in aquatic habitats. Zooplankton live in both the surface water and the deep water, while fish only live in the surface water. Zooplankton undertake diel vertical migration to avoid predation by fish during the day and to consume sufficient food in the surface water during the night. We establish the persistence theory for both species as well as the existence of a time-periodic positive solution to investigate how zooplankton manage to maintain a balance with their predators via vertical migration. Numerical simulations discover the effects of migration strategy, advection rates, domain boundary conditions, as well as spatially varying growth rates, on persistence of the system.     

Analysis of plasma migration components in Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. effective parts by UPLC–Q-TOF–MS

Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. (PVJ) is described as pungent, bitter and slightly cold in Chinese medicine, and is associated with the large intestine, stomach and liver meridians. The preliminary experiments of our research team proved that PVJ total flavonoids have excellent inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells. The present experiment uses the UPLC–Q-TOF–MS technology and serum pharmacochemistry methods to analyze the chemical components in vitro and in vivo of PVJ antiliver tumors. A total of 14 chemical components were identified in the total flavonoids extract of PVJ, and it is mainly composed of flavonoids, flavonones, flavonols and phenolic acids. At the same time, seven prototypical components and seven metabolic components were detected in the drug-containing plasma. Hydrocaffeate and scutellarein are the phase I metabolites of caffeic acid and scutellarin, respectively. Sulfated apigenin, sulfated luteolin, sulfated kaempferol and methylated kaempferol are the II phase metabolites of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, respectively. The experiment provides a reference for the research and development of antitumor drug candidates, and provides a basis for revealing the bioactive components of PVJ and the antitumor mechanism.     

Fabrication of polyurethane binders grafted with functional reactive plasticizers by a catalyst-free click reaction

The design of nonmigratory energetic plasticizers with low sensitivity and high performance is of great significance but challenging. Herein, two nonmigratory norbornane-based reactive plasticizers (NRPs) are attached covalently to poly(glycidyl azide-co-tetrahydrofuran) (PGT)-based polyurethanes (PUs), offering a reliable, self-stable, and alternative energy source originating from ring strain, while mitigating the dangers to the environment by preventing migration. A binary mixture of PGT and NRPs is thermodynamically miscible up to 50/50 w/w. The catalyst-free click reactivity of the NRPs toward PGT evaluated by the activation energy is verified by calculating the frontier molecular orbital energy levels. The absent weight loss of the pure NRPs evident from the measured thermal stability of the NRP/PGT-based PU binders indicated that the NRPs react completely with the PGT matrix. The tensile properties of the PGT-based PU binder by the inclusion of NRPs increased with increasing NRP content because of the increased number of triazole groups and the norbornane moiety. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 402–411     

Highly efficient alginate-based macromolecular photoinitiator for crosslinking and toughening gelatin hydrogels

Constructing gelatin hydrogels through photopolymerization is getting increasingly attractive due to their excellent biocompatibility and unparalleled flexibility in fabricating complex structures. In this study, an alginate-based macromolecular photoinitiator (Alg-2959) is synthesized by grafting Irgacure2959, a widely used hydrophilic small molecular photoinitiator, onto the framework of alginate. The characterization of Alg-2959 is carried out by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR), Fourier infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Vis absorption spectrum. It is shown that Alg-2959 can induce the polymerization of acrylate monomer poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA400) and glycidyl methacrylate modified gelatin (Gel-GM) with similar initiation efficiency as Irgacure2959. Compared with the pure hydrogels prepared using Irgacure2959, the hybrid hydrogels containing Alg-2959 can be further crosslinked by Ca²⁺ to form the double-network hydrogels, which exhibit enhanced toughness and elasticity. In addition, due to the introduction of alginate, the migration stability of Alg-2959 in the hydrogel networks is significantly improved compared with Irgacure2959. These results indicate the great potential of Alg-2959 in preparing biocompatible and resilient photopolymers.     

Antitumor activity on human bladder cancer T-24 cells and composition analysis of the core of Camellia osmantha fruit

Abstract

In this study, antitumor activity and composition analysis of the core of Camellia osmantha fruit were investigated. The cores were extracted by 80% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (TF), which was successively distributed by different concentrations of ethanol with MCI resin to obtain three different parts (Frs 1 to 3). Cytotoxicity activities showed that TF, Fr-2, and Fr-3 exhibited good inhibition against T-24 with IC₅₀ values of 6.7 ± 1.3, 6.9 ± 0.9, and 6.7 ± 1.7 μg/mL, respectively. Fr-3 has a strong inhibitory activity on T-24 cells, mainly due to effectively increasing the release of intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species. In addition, Fr-3 can inhibit T-24 cells migration and invasion. Further composition analysis on Fr-3 was detected by LC-Q-TOFMS implying the main components to be ellagic acid and its derivatives.     

Localization of small perfectly conducting cracks from far-field pattern with unknown frequency

In the inverse scattering problem, it is well-known that subspace migration yields very accurate locations of small perfectly conducting cracks when the applied frequency is known. In contrast, when the applied frequency is unknown, inaccurate locations are identified via subspace migration with wrong frequency data. This phenomenon has been examined experimentally; however, the reason for its occurrence has not been theoretically investigated. In this study, we analyze the mathematical structure of subspace migration with an unknown frequency by establishing a relationship with Bessel functions of order zero of the first kind. The identified structure of subspace migration and the corresponding results of numerical simulations provide reasons for why subspace migration with an unknown frequency yields an inaccurate crack location and ideas for improvement.     

基于U-net卷积神经网络的大转角ISAR成像方法

针对ISAR成像在大转角条件下产生严重的越距离单元徙动从而使得ISAR图像散焦的问题,提出一种基于U-net卷积神经网络的大转角ISAR成像方法。首先利用快速傅里叶变换对大转角条件下的回波数据进行预处理,得到散焦的ISAR复值图像作为训练样本,其次,根据ISAR成像特点对U net网络结构进行了改进,训练后得到具有良好聚焦能力的成像网络。仿真实验表明：与传统大转角ISAR成像方法相比,所提方法将ISAR图像的峰值旁瓣比降至-18 dB以下,具有更小的图像熵和最小均方误差,成像时间缩减至0.28 s左右,在低信噪比条件下仍可以实现ISAR图像的快速、准确重建。     

中江气田致密砂岩体积压裂应用

四川盆地川西中江气田致密砂岩具有河道砂体展布不均、水平应力差大、脆性指数低、天然裂缝不发育、延伸压力梯度高的特点,前期施工压力较高排量偏低,使得改造整体加砂强度偏低,压后产量不理想。借鉴“流动距离最短,流动阻力最小,控制范围最大”理念,依托地质—工程一体化,以多向量强支撑体积改造为关键,研究川西致密砂岩体积改造工艺。基于均衡扩展精细布缝技术,优化川西致密砂岩双甜点分段分簇,大幅度增加横向动用率。以二级组合支撑、高排量连续加砂及变黏液体实时调控的强加砂技术,实现复杂裂缝耦合支撑剂组合的多向量强加砂。通过簇间多粒径暂堵球、缝内多组合暂堵剂的双重复合暂堵强制分流提高横向裂缝复杂程度。研究成果在川西中江气田已成功应用并逐步进行推广,加砂强度由前期0.50 t/m提高到4.18 t/m,加砂强度提高7倍多,已实施井平均无阻流量55.7$times 10^4{rm m}^3$/d,平均有效控制储量1.33$times 10^8{rm m}^3$,改造效果较前期显著提高。