油井屏蔽暂堵热洗工艺技术的研究与应用

针对韦庄油田地层压力系数低、水敏严重、热洗液漏失污染地层的问题 ,引入屏蔽暂堵工艺 ,克服了常规洗井排水时间长、产量下降等弊端 .该工艺的特点是有效堵漏和易于解堵 .通过对地层伤害机理分析和室内性能研究 ,筛选出一种新型暂堵剂 GYZD,在韦庄油田现场实施 1 0口井 ,工艺成功率达 1 0 0 %,暂堵有效率达 90 %.与以往的热洗效果相比 ,累计减少原油损失 868t,较好地解决了多年困绕韦庄油田因热洗影响产量的问题 ,取得了良好的经济效益     

印欧种人的第二次迁徙对世界历史的影响

公元前13世纪至公元前11世纪,一些印欧种游牧民陆续离开草原,向各文明地区发起进攻,并在文明地区定居下来,建立了新的国家。在此迁徙过程中,古代文明进一步融合和区域文化之间的交流的加强推动了世界历史的进一步发展。     

性别比、婚姻挤压与妇女迁移———以拉祜族和佤族之例看少数民族妇女的婚姻迁移问题

应用人口社会学的统计分析方法 ,讨论了我国汉族人口的出生性别比与少数民族妇女从边疆迁徙到内地省区之间的关系。从云南拉祜族和佤族妇女的婚姻迁徙人口统计数据中看到 ,某些汉族农村出生性别比升高后 ,逐渐突出的婚姻挤压问题引发了少数民族妇女的婚姻迁徙 ,并从而使得部分小规模的少数民族社会面临更大的婚姻挤压和其他社会问题。     

机群文件系统中一种文件迁移的客户端决策

为降低机群文件系统中文件访问的平均响应时间,提出了一种能反映机群节点上文件访问频繁程度的热量模型,在此模型的基础上给出了一种文件迁移的客户端决策,用于决定在非重负载情况下,单个文件在机群中的理想存放位置.模拟对比实验的结果显示,采用该策略,在总负载恒定的情况下,在4、8节点机群上文件访问的平均响应时间分别降低了21.6%和26.3%,在平均负载恒定的情况下,在4、8节点机群上文件访问的平均响应时间分别降低了22.2%和16.8%,结果表明该策略可以有效地降低文件访问的平均响应时间,提高系统的可扩展性,从而提高机群文件系统的性能.     

Optimization in the Migration Problem of Mobile Agents in Distributed Information Retrieval Systems

In this paper,we employ genetic algorithms to solve the migration problem (MP).We propose a new encoding scheme to represent trees,which is composed of two parts;the pre-ordered traversal sequence of tree vertices and the children number sequence of corresponding tree vertices.The proposed encoding scheme has the advantages of simplicity for encoding and decoding,ease for GA operations,and better equilibrium between exploration and exploitation.It is also adaptive in that,with few restrictions on the length of code,it can be freely lengthened or shortened according to the characteristics of the problem space.Furthermore,the encoding scheme is highly applicable to the degreeconstrained minimum spanning tree problem because it also contains the degree information of each node.The simulation results demonstrate the higher performance of our algorithm,with fast convergence to the optima or sub-optima on various problem sizes.Comparing with the binary string encoding of vertices,when the problem size is large,our algorithm runs remarkably faster with comparable search capability.     

基于有限体积法的土壤重金属污染物运移模拟

针对重金属污染物在土壤中的运移扩散问题,采用有限体积法对二维稳态水流中污染物运移的基本方程进行离散,获得污染物在饱和土壤中运移的有限体积法计算模型.运用Matlab模拟不同条件下重金属污染物运移的动态过程,研究污染物运移规律.研究表明,当污染源始终存在时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线近似由中心抛物线形渐变为外围椭圆形,水平向和竖直向浓度均不断减小;当污染源存在10天后移除时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线呈椭圆形,污染范围逐渐变大,浓度不断减小,椭圆中心处浓度最大.     

Ultra‐high pressure LC for astaxanthin determination in shrimp by‐products and active food packaging

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in natural antioxidants from food by‐products. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant and one of the major carotenoids in crustaceans and salmonids. An ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of astaxanthin in shrimp by‐products, and its migration from new packaging materials to food simulants was also studied. The method uses an UPLC® BEH guard‐column (2.1 × 5 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) and an UPLC® BEH analytical column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm particle size). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) acetonitrile–methanol (containing 0.05 m ammonium acetate)–dichloromethane (75:20:5, v/v/v) and (B) ultrapure water. This method was evaluated with respect to validation parameters such as linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification and recovery. Low‐density polyethylene films were prepared with different amounts of the lipid fraction of fermented shrimp waste by extrusion, and migration was evaluated into food simulants (isooctane and ethanol 95%, v/v). Migration was not detected under the tested conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,anti‐migration and burning rate catalytic mechanism of ferrocene‐based compounds

One of the most important components of solid rocket propellant is the burning rate catalysts (BRC) which enhance burning rate of solid composite propellant. Low‐pressure exponents and stable burning rate are the key features of an excellent solid propellant. Addition of BRC to the propellant results in the increase of burning rate of the propellant and decrease in pressure exponents. Among all BRC, ferrocene‐based BRC have attracted much attention because of their better microscopic homogeneities in distribution, ignitability of the propellants and good compatibility with organic binder. However, the main barrier for the development and practical applications of ferrocene‐based BRC is their migration property. This article reviews the field and highlights recent progress. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nanoindentation as a Probe for Mechanically‐Induced Molecular Migration in Layered Organic Donor–Acceptor Complexes

Nanoindentation and scratch experiments on 1:1 donor–acceptor complexes, 1 and 2 , of 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene with pyrene and phenanthrene, respectively, reveal long‐range molecular layer gliding and large interaction anisotropy. Due to the layered arrangements in these crystals, these experiments that apply stress in particular directions result in the breaking of interlayer interactions, thus allowing molecular sheets to glide over one another with ease. Complex 1 has a layered crystal packing wherein the layers are 68° skew under the (002) face and the interlayer space is stabilized by van der Waals interactions. Upon indenting this surface with a Berkovich tip, pile‐up of material was observed on just one side of the indenter due to the close angular alignment of the layers with the half angle of the indenter tip (65.35°). The interfacial differences in the elastic modulus (21 %) and hardness (16 %) demonstrate the anisotropic nature of crystal packing. In 2 , the molecular stacks are arranged in a staggered manner; there is no layer arrangement, and the interlayer stabilization involves C? H???N hydrogen bonds and π???π interactions. This results in a higher modulus (20 %) for (020) as compared to (001), although the anisotropy in hardness is minimal (4 %). The anisotropy within a face was analyzed using AFM image scans and the coefficient of friction of four orthogonal nanoscratches on the cleavage planes of 1 and 2 . A higher friction coefficient was obtained for 2 as compared to 1 even in the cleavage direction due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in the interlayer region making the tip movement more hindered.