Fast solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure for oil fingerprinting. Application to the Prestige oil spill

A rapid and simple fractionation procedure using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges was developed for an accurate determination of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum residues and further application in chemical fingerprinting of oil spills by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the adsorbents evaluated, SiO2/C3-CN exhibited the best selectivity, providing, by elution with n-hexane (4 ml) and n-hexane-CH2Cl2 (1:1) (5 ml), two well-resolved aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions, with recoveries of 97 +/- 7.2 and 99.7 +/- 13.9%, respectively. The SPE fractionation procedure was compared with the conventional silica-alumina adsorption chromatography showing similar results but practical advantages in terms of reproducibility, analysis time, solvent reduction and cost. Moreover, is particularly suitable for routine analysis with a high sample throughput. The developed methodology was tested in the characterization of fuel-oil samples collected along the Spanish north-west coast, after the Prestige oil spill accident.     

Use of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate room temperature ionic liquids as chelate extraction solvent with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione

Possible use of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as chelate extraction solvent was evaluated by using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([hmim][PF₆]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim][PF₆]). These RTILs showed high extraction performance for divalent metal cations with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione (Htta). The extracted metals were back-extracted into 1 mol dm⁻³ nitric acid quantitatively. Furthermore, the extracted species were estimated as neutral hydrated complexes M(tta)₂(H₂O)_n (n= 1 or 2) for M = Ni, Cu and Pb and anionic complexes M(tta)₃⁻ for M = Mn, Co, Zn and Cd.     

Synthesis of 2-(α-Hydroxyalkyl)-2-Oxazoline under Microwave Irradiation in Bluk

Four 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-2-oxazolines and a 2-(α-hydroxy-α,α-diphenyl)-2-benzooxazole were synthesized from β-amimoalcohols and α-hydroxy carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in the absence of a solvent.     

Determination of volatile phenols in fino sherry wines

An easy, fast and reliable analytical method is proposed to determine the concentration of volatile phenols (ethyl- and vinylphenols) in fino sherry wines. The technique employed is a single stage sample treatment by solid-phase extraction (SPE) following a simple, fast procedure that enables 12 samples to be extracted simultaneously and requires a small volume sample and little time. Subsequently, the extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection. The method proposed has been applied to the study of fino sherry wines affected by microbial contamination with yeasts of the Brettanomyces genus, and the relationship of these yeasts with the concentrations of volatile phenols present in this wine.     

白花茵陈茎叶中挥发油化学成分的研究

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏和石油醚萃取法提取白花茵陈中的挥发油,并通过GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,2种方法提取的挥发油的主要化学成分基本相似,主要为萜烯类及其含氧衍生物（如百里香酚和香荆芥酚）和脂肪酸及其酯等.     

青藏高原油菜蜂花粉中黄酮类物质的提取与开发的实验设计

本文根据作者从事的青藏高原油菜蜂花粉中黄酮类物质的提取和开发应用的研究，探讨了综合实验的设计，把科学研究引入到实验教学中，将会极大地促进高校的实验教学改革．     

基于选区的彩色图像抽取和融合算法研究

给出了一种利用图像中定义的选择区域（选区），从复杂背景中尽可能保持原样地提取出所关心图像的图像抽取方法；同时还介绍了如何对抽出的图像进行融合设置，进行看似自然的、无缝的融合；另外对算法的应用过程进行了适当的描述，作出算法的实际使用情况说明．     

山西广电微波网的数字化改造

文章从山西微波网的建设情况、历史作用及运行现状 ,引出数字化改造的必要性。从技术、资金和政策方面总结出数字化改造的可行性。主要介绍了数字化改造后的SDH(同步数字体系 )数字微波网的基本概况和技术优势     

Mo/CuZSM-5的微波辐射法制备及其性能研究

借助微波辐射，制备出一系列具有不同Cu^2＋交换度的Mo／CuZSM-5催化剂，并探讨了交换液浓度、固液比、微波强度以及微波加热时间对交换度的影响．研究了不同交换方法、不同交换度下的催化剂对甲烷无氧芳构化反应的催化效果，并进一步对反应条件进行了优化．实验结果表明：交换液浓度和固液比对交换度有较大的影响；与室温离子交换法相比，微波辐射下的离子交换速率和交换度大幅度提高．对不同催化刺样品催化性能的研究结果表明：催化活性与Cu^2＋含量密切相关，Cu^2＋的适量引入有助于提高催化剂的活性和稳定性。红外光谱、X射线衍射测试结果表明：微波辐射离子交换并未改变分子筛载体的结构；Cu^2＋的引入促使更多的活性物种分布在催化剂外表面。     

纳米Fe3O4/BaTiO3复合体系的微波吸收特性

研究了纳米Fe3O4和BaTiO4及其复合体系在2～18GHz频率范围内的微波吸收性能，并分析了其吸收机制以及复合组分对吸波性能的影响。研究结果表明，通过调节材料组分可调节电磁参数及吸收峰的位置，复合体系的有效吸收频带较单一材料的吸附频带变宽。单一组分的纳米Fe3O4和PaTiO3都有2个吸收峰。在复合体系中，多个吸收峰发生重叠。这2种材料的微波吸收能力随电磁波频率的变化而规律不同，当频率低于14GHz时，PaTiO3的吸收能力大于Fe3O4的吸收能力；当频率高于14GHz时，Fe3O4的吸收能力大于BaTiO3的吸收能力。因此，将这2种材料复合，产生协同效应，材料的整体吸收能办提高，有效吸收频带拓宽。当样品的厚度为2mm，Fe3O4与BaTiO3的质量比为3：2时，反射率为10dB的有效频宽可达2．7GHz；当Fe3O4与BaTiO3的质量比为2：3时，反射率为10dB的有效频宽可达4GHz。