SP700钛合金板轧制过程的组织演变和力学性能研究

研究了22 mm厚SP700钛合金板轧制过程中的组织演变和力学性能。结果表明：SP700钛合金板的显微组织由不连续的晶界α相和晶内针状组织组成;经过热轧和冷轧后,显微组织不均匀,由等轴组织和变形组织组成,等轴组织由等轴α相和等轴β相组成,变形组织由条状α相和变形β相组成;冷轧并退火后,显微组织十分均匀,由等轴组织组成。室温拉伸试验结果表明：SP700钛合金板冷轧后,抗拉强度达1 100 MPa以上,纵横向强度差为64 MPa,伸长率为5.0%～6.5%,塑性差为0.17%。退火后,强度降低,塑性显著提高;纵横向强度差为69 MPa,塑性差为6.84%。     

ON THE STUDY OF SILICON NANO-WIRES SELF-ASSEMBLED AS PARTICLES

Two different types of Silicon nano-wires (SiNWs) have been observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. One are of free standing SiNWs deposited uniformly on the surface of silicon substrates, and the other are self-assembled into special shaped particles. These SiNWs were synthesized by thermal evaporation of SiO amorphous powders without any metal catalysts in the temperature range of 900-1250℃. Growth history reveals that the self-assembled SiNWs are formed by original nucleation from the surface of amorphous SiO_{x particle matrices through phase separation and silicon precipitation followed by further growth through oxide-assisted vapor-solid reactions. The above results provide a solid experimental support for the oxide-assisted growth model of SiNWs.}     

NdDyFeBSn永磁合金显微组织的高分辨分析

用透射电镜研究了烧结NdDyFeB和NdDyFeBSn合金的显微组织 .添加Sn的合金 ,晶界富Nd相与基体 2∶1 4∶1相润湿性良好 .合金的主要相仍然是硬磁相Φ(2∶1 4∶1相 )、富硼相 η(Nd1 εFe4B4)和fcc结构的富Nd相 .高分辨分析表明 ,NdDyFeBSn合金的晶粒内出现非共格的粒状沉淀 ,尺寸 2～ 1 0nm .选区电子衍射分析表明 ,该缺陷相结构同于α Fe .X射线衍射分析也肯定 ,在含Sn合金中有α Fe析出 .而在NdDyFeB合金中观察不到α Fe衍射 ,合金晶粒内也几乎无缺陷     

Theoretical and experimental analyses of recording mark microstructures in signal waveform modulation optical disc

In this paper,we propose a dynamic mastering process model for signal waveform modulation (SWM) optical disc.To form the ideal microstructures and solve the problems in the SWM master manufacturing process,we use this model to simulate the three-dimensional mark profiles in the SWM read-only disc.The simulated micro-patterns of recording pits and lands are employed to optimize the writing strategy and provide a quantitative basis for manufacturing the sub-pits and sub-lands.The simulation mark profiles are compared with the experimental ones,which are produced with the optimized writing strategy parameters.Comparison results demonstrate that the simulated profiles are highly consistent with the actual ones.     

Emergent Soft Lithographic Tools for the Fabrication of Functional Polymeric Microstructures

Polymeric microstructures (PMs) are useful to a broad range of technologies applicable to, for example, sensing, energy storage, and soft robotics. Due to the diverse application space of PMs, many techniques (e. g., photolithography, 3D printing, micromilling, etc.) have been developed to fabricate these structures. Stemming from their generality and unique capabilities, the tools encompassed by soft lithography (e. g., replica molding, microcontact printing, etc.), which use soft elastomeric materials as masters in the fabrication of PMs, are particularly relevant. By taking advantage of the characteristics of elastomeric masters, particularly their mechanical and chemical properties, soft lithography has enabled the use of non-planar substrates and relatively inexpensive equipment in the generation of many types of PMs, redefining existing communities and creating new ones. Traditionally, these elastomeric masters have been produced from relief patterns fabricated using photolithography; however, recent efforts have led to the emergence of new methods that make use of masters that are self-forming, dynamic in their geometric and chemical properties, 3D in architecture, and/or sacrificial (i. e., easily removed/released using phase changes). These “next generation” soft lithographic masters include self-assembled liquid droplets, microscale balloons, templates derived from natural materials, and hierarchically microstructured surfaces. The new methods of fabrication supported by these unique masters enable access to numerous varieties of PMs (e. g., those with hierarchical microstructures, overhanging features, and 3D architectures) that would not be possible following established methods of soft lithography. This review explores these emergent soft lithographic methods, addressing their operational principles and the application space they can impact.     

悬浮液凝固研究进展

悬浮液凝固是将固体颗粒均匀分散于液体中,并对液体进行凝固.它涉及冷冻铸造法多孔材料制备、冻土冻胀、海上浮冰、生物组织冷藏等多个学科和领域.近年来通过悬浮液凝固的方法,人们相继开发出了众多性能优异的新材料,这更为悬浮液凝固的研究注入了新的活力.悬浮液凝固过程中存在众多不同于传统合金凝固的独特现象,如颗粒密堆层、层片晶组织、周期性冰透镜体组织等,但这些凝固微观组织的形成机理尚不清楚.揭示颗粒对悬浮液凝固界面形态演化的影响机理,建立悬浮液体系的凝固理论,不仅帮助人们理解冻土冻胀等自然现象,也为高性能材料的制备与开发提供理论依据.本文首先回顾了悬浮液凝固的研究历史,然后对当前悬浮液凝固微观组织及颗粒动态堆积等方面的研究进展进行述评,并简要介绍本课题组近年来在悬浮液凝固方面的工作进展,最后对悬浮液凝固研究的未来发展进行了展望.     

Bridging dielectric fluids by light: A ray optics approach

Rayleigh-Plateau instability is known to impose a stability limit for the length of a liquid bridge in weightless conditions. This fundamental limit may be exceeded by using a light field to form and stabilize dielectric fluid bridges (A. Casner, J.P. Delville, Europhys. Lett. 65, 337 (2004)). Using both new experimental data as well as a new theoretical approach, we show that both the size and the stability of such light-sustained dielectric bridge can be qualitatively explained. We present a ray optics model that encompasses the competition between surface tension effects and optical radiation pressure arising from total internal reflection inside the bridge. A critical power below which a liquid bridge can no longer be sustained by light is predicted and confirmed experimentally. The observed power dependence of the bridge diameter also agrees with the proposed stabilization mechanism.     

C掺杂型NiCr合金薄膜的电性能和微观结构

利用闭合磁场非平衡磁控溅射工艺制备出C掺杂型NiCr合金薄膜电阻材料,获得了电性能优于NiCr合金薄膜的NiCrC薄膜电阻材料.实验结果表明:NiCr薄膜中掺杂C元素后,薄膜的择优取向由Ni(011)变为Ni(111);薄膜的缺陷和应力得以减小;薄膜中C元素具有类石墨性质.     

Three-phase plane composites of minimal elastic stress energy: High-porosity structures

The paper establishes exact lower bound on the effective elastic energy of two-dimensional, three-material composite subjected to the homogeneous, anisotropic stress. It is assumed that the materials are mixed with given volume fractions and that one of the phases is degenerated to void, i.e., the effective composite is porous. Explicit formula for the energy bound is obtained using the translation method enhanced with additional inequality expressing certain property of stresses. Sufficient optimality conditions of the energy bound are used to set the requirements which have to be met by the stress fields in each phase of optimal effective material regardless of the complexity of its microstructural geometry. We show that these requirements are fulfilled in a special class of microgeometries, so-called laminates of a rank. Their optimality is elaborated in detail for structures with significant amount of void, also referred to as high-porosity structures. It is shown that geometrical parameters of optimal multi-rank, high-porosity laminates are different in various ranges of volume fractions and anisotropy level of external stress. Non-laminate, three-phase microstructures introduced by other authors and their optimality in high-porosity regions is also discussed by means of the sufficient conditions technique. Conjectures regarding low-porosity regions are presented, but full treatment of this issue is postponed to a separate publication. The corresponding “G-closure problem” of a three-phase isotropic composite is also addressed and exact bounds on effective isotropic properties are explicitly determined in these regions where the stress energy bound is optimal.     

淬火-回火工艺对X80管件钢组织性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射分析技术(EBSD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等实验手段,研究了不同淬火--回火热处理工艺制度对X80管件钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:一次930℃淬火后,随着回火温度的升高,实验钢屈服强度先升高后降低,在630℃达到最大值588MPa;抗拉强度随回火温度升高持续下降,680℃时降至630MPa.二次两相区淬火,经630℃回火后,X80管件钢有最佳的综合力学性能,-50℃冲击韧性显著提高,Ak达到210J.这是由于二次淬火温度在860℃两相区时,组织中奥氏体晶粒大幅细化,经630℃回火后,细晶马氏体组织中出现位错亚结构的回复软化、板条边界钝化和块状M-A组元分解产生的析出强化机制综合作用的结果.