人工光学微纳结构中的连续体束缚态:原理、发展及应用

人工微结构可以捕获特定频率的电磁波,其为增强光与物质相互作用以及调控光场的重要平台之一。连续体束缚态在能谱上位于辐射连续区域,其是开放波动系统中与辐射连续态完全正交的本征态。连续体束缚态源于波动的相干相消,可以极大地抑制微纳光子器件的辐射损耗,为解决人工微纳结构中的光束缚提供全新思路。本文回顾连续体束缚态的发展历程,着重阐述连续体束缚态的理论模型在不同人工光学微纳结构中的进展与应用。连续体束缚态有望促进光通信、集成光学及高效率光场调控等领域的发展。     

Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金高压凝固组织

利用光学显微镜,扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪对不同压力(2,4,6 GPa)下凝固的Al-1Ni-3Y(%,原子分数)共晶合金组织形貌和相组成进行研究,并且与常压条件下合金凝固组织进行对比。实验结果表明,与常压凝固相比,在超高压力条件下凝固的合金的显微组织形貌发生了很大的改变,但是合金的相组成没有发生变化。常压凝固的合金具有共晶团组织,而高压下凝固的合金具有枝晶状亚共晶组织。高压凝固合金显微组织中出现了大量的初生α-Al相,这表明高压条件下凝固的合金共晶点发生偏移,使得常压共晶成分的合金在高压下变成亚共晶成分合金。同时,共晶组织的形貌发生了很大变化,常压下凝固的合金的组织为Al3Y相与α-Al相形成的菊花状的二元共晶和Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成的层片状的二元共晶,而高压下这两种共晶组织逐渐转化为离异共晶组织。随着压力的增大,共晶第二相的体积分数减小,α-Al的晶格常数增加。     

A microfluidic photolithography for controlled encapsulation of single cells inside hydrogel microstructures

A microfluidic approach to generate hydrogel microstructures inside microchannels for controlled encapsulation of single cells was developed. The method was based on a modified microscope projection photolithography which allowed for the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) inside microchannels. Uniform-sized hydrogel microstructures (~50 μm in diameter) were generated one by one with determined positions to encapsulate single cells without losing the viability. Cells of interest could be identified by any kinds of visible labels to be selectively encapsulated inside the formed hydrogel microstructures. Large-scale encapsulation of single cells was achieved with a relatively high efficiency of 80% and the viability of encapsulated cells could be guaranteed by removing the dead cells identified with Trypan blue. This method is simple, fast and convenient to pattern the microchannels with single cells for a wide range of cell-based applications. For demonstration, two intracellular enzyme assays of carboxylesterase were performed to investigate the distribution of enzyme concentrations and the kinetic information within the encapsulated single HepG2 cells.     

Preparation of copper aluminum borate whiskers via flux method

Single‐crystal and uniform copper aluminum borate whiskers have been synthesized by heating a mixture of boric acid, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate with potassium sulfate as flux at 870 °C for 4 h. The synthesized whiskers exhibit a well‐crystallized, one‐dimensional structure with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 5 μm, lengths from 5 to 100 μm. Heating temperature and flux addition affect the aspect ratio and morphology of the copper aluminum borate whiskers. A possible growth mechanism of the whiskers is proposed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

压力对A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能的影响

对A380铝合金进行了挤压铸造成型和传统重力铸造成型,并制得试样.采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、定量金相分析、拉伸性能测试等手段,研究在不同压力下挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能.结果表明:当压力在0~75MPa范围内时,随着压力的增加,一次枝晶臂尺寸和气孔率得到大幅下降,共晶组织体积分数增加;二次枝晶臂间距减小;针状富铁β-Al5FeSi相尺寸大幅度减小,同时有部分汉字状α-Al8(Fe,Mn)3Si2相生成.当压力在75~100MPa范围内时,压力继续增加对合金组织细化、第二相形貌改善和力学性能提高的作用不明显.挤压铸造试件与重力铸造试件相比,气孔率减小,显微组织细化,力学性能显著提高.当压力为75MPa时,挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别比重力铸造提高19%和65%.     

A study of multi-trapping of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers

We develop a pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers, and study its multi-trapping characteristic. The finite difference time domain method is employed to simulate the trapping force characteristic of this pair of single fiber optical tweezers, and the results show that the number of trapped particles depends on the refractive index and the size of the particles. The trapping force of this pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers is calibrated by the experimental method, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The multi-trapping capability realized by the tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers will be practical and useful for applications in biomedical research fields.     

Fabrication methods of 3D periodic metallic nano/microstructures for photonics applications

Periodic metallic nano/microstructures have received a great a deal of attention in the photonics research community over the last few decades due to their intriguing optical properties. Three‐dimensional metallic nano/microstructures such as metallic photonic crystals, metamaterials, and plasmonic devices possess unique characteristics of tailored thermal radiation, negative refraction and deep subwavelength confinement of light. In this article, the recent progress on the experimental methods for the realisation of three‐dimensional periodic metallic and thin metal film coated dielectric nano/microstructures operating from optical to mid‐infrared frequencies has been reviewed. Advancement of the state‐of‐the‐art nanofabrication methods over the last few decades have led to the development of metallic nano/microstructures of diverse geometries, high resolution features and large scale production. The recent progress in the novel fabrication methods have inspired the development of functional and exciting photonic devices based on periodic metallic nano/microstructures with various applications in photonics including communications, photovoltaics, and biophotonics.     

Influence of sintering temperature on the phases and photoelectric characteristics of BiOCl/ZnO composite powders

Zinc oxide is a typical functional oxide that has been widely researched for various industry applications due to its peculiar physical characteristics. However, to achieve its potential in promising applications, much work has been diligently performed to improve the physical properties of ZnO. In this work, an aqueous suspension route was used to prepare BiOCl/ZnO composite powders, and sintering processes were applied to investigate the influence of sintering temperature on the phase evolutions, microstructures, and photoelectric characteristics of BiOCl/ZnO composite powders. The results indicated that the photoelectric properties mainly depend on the relevant content of BiOCl in the composite powders and the sintering temperature. The photoelectric measurements in K₂SO₄ solutions show that the photoelectric properties of the samples with the appropriate BiOCl content (0.3mol% and 2.0mol%) are better than those of ZnO and commercial TiO₂ (P₂₅) powders, but the photoelectric measurements in NaOH solutions indicate that the photoelectric characteristics of the as-sintered samples are only better than those of P₂₅.     

Gradient theory of fluid microstructures

The general gradient theory of fluid microstructures is outlined. This theory reduces the determination of fluid microstructures to a boundary value problem. The density and pressure tensor profiles and the tension of planar thin films and layered structures in one-component fluids are investigated. The boundary conditions determining these structures are given a geometric interpretation in the free energy-density diagram. Discussed are the implications of the theory for the validity of Antonov's rule, the duplex film hypothesis, and the asymptotic theory of disjoining pressure and of the origin of a characteristic length scale in spinodal decomposition.This work was supported financially by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.     

YA-TZP陶瓷材料的性能及在拉丝模的应用

研究发现,YA-TZP陶瓷材料的性能取决于其显微结构。当临界晶粒度约为～0.7μm时,其最佳机械性能为σb=940-1010MPa,K_1c=10.9MPam~(1/2),而且在250℃时效50h无中温强度衰减。还研究了ZrO_2基体中不同相的形貌、显微裂纹以及第二相质点,并用透射电子显微镜发现了位错网和位错线。这种YA-TZP陶瓷材料用于拉丝模有良好的应用前景。