La对Al-Li合金时效组织和断裂韧性的影响

通过电镜观察和断裂韧性测量,研究了稀土元素La对Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金微观组织和断裂韧性的影响。实验结果表明,在Al-Li合金中存在Fe,Si,Na等元素在晶界的偏聚,添加少量La可减少这些杂质在晶界的偏聚。同时,La的加入抑制δ′相的生长,减少S′相的析出,延缓时效过程,并且减少晶界无析出带宽度。因此,添加少量La提高了Al-Li合金的断裂韧性。     

356铝合金液相线半连续铸造组织的研究

研究了液相线半连续铸造条件对356铝合金组织的影响·结果表明,合金熔体在常规铸造温度(720℃)下浇注获得的锭坯边部和中心部位的组织都是粗大的枝晶,极不均匀;在略高于液相线温度(625℃)保温30min后的铸造组织边部是细小枝晶组织,中心部位是均匀的近球形晶粒组织;在液相线温度(615℃)保温后进行半连续铸造获得的锭坯中心和边部组织均是均匀、细小的近球形组织,晶粒的平均等积圆直径为25～35μm,平均圆度为1.75～2·另外,一次冷却强度的降低、二次冷却强度的增大和铸造速度的减小有利于均匀、细小的近球形组织的形成·     

Conformationally asymmetric block copolymers

The standard parameters controlling AB diblock copolymer phase behavior are χN and f_A, where χ is an A-B segment interaction parameter, N is the overall degree of polymerization, and f_A is the volume fraction of the A block. Recently, it has been recognized that the ratio of the A and B statistical segment lengths α_A/α_B also represents another important parameter. Here, we theoretically examine the effects of this latter parameter on the phase behavior using the standard Gaussian chain model. Calculations are performed using both self-consistent field theory (SCFT) and strong segregation theory (SST). The ratio α_A/α_B is shown to have strong effects on order-order phase boundaries. Furthermore, it significantly affects the relative stability of the complex phases. In particular, it enhances the metastability of the perforated lamellar phase and may actually cause it to become an equilibrium structure. We also illustrate that varying α_A/α_B produces large changes in the relative domain spacings at order-order phase boundaries, which could strongly affect the kinetics of these transitions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 945–952, 1997     

大气腐蚀在低合金钢显微组织中的发生与发展

采用光学金相技术结合交流阻抗测量,分析了三种低合金钢在模拟的沿海大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为.实验发现,显微组织直接决定钢的初期腐蚀行为并间接影响长期腐蚀行为.在腐蚀初期,铁素体钢中的大角晶界易于被择优腐蚀,而贝氏体内的小角晶界的择优腐蚀趋势较弱,铁素体+珠光体钢的择优腐蚀集中于珠光体及其边界.铁素体裸钢有较强的耐腐蚀性,但其锈层电阻随腐蚀时间增加产生的增量较小;贝氏体与铁素体+珠光体裸钢的耐腐蚀性较差,但其锈层电阻随腐蚀时间增加产生的增量较大,长期腐蚀性能更优.这些结果表明,在适当合金化后,贝氏体作为新型低成本高强度耐候钢的基本组织极具应用潜力.     

溶剂热合成CdS纳米棒形貌及微结构研究

通过传统的溶剂热技术,以CdCl2·2.5H2O和硫脲（H2NCSH2N）为镉源和硫源,在不同的反应温度下溶剂热(无水乙二胺)合成了CdS纳米棒. X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明了产物是六方相CdS,电子扫描电镜(SEM)观察展示了产物的形貌随反应温度的变化过程;透射扫描电镜（TEM）和高倍透射电镜（HRTEM）分析了产物的微结构.     

Monodispersed polymer particles with tunable surface structures: Droplet microfluidic-assisted fabrication and biomedical applications

Polymer particles are key materials in various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, cellular immunity, cell capture, biochip, etc. Droplets produced by microfluidics have been widely applied as templates for the fabrication of polymer particles with controllable sizes and narrow size distributions. Compared to smooth polymer particles, those with surface microstructures (e.g., tentacles, bubbles, wrinkles and pits) are more attractive due to their increased surface area and biomimetic structural characteristics. In this review, we summarized representative methods for the preparation of monodispersed polymer particles with various surface microstructures based on droplet microfluidics, as well as their typical bioapplications in drug delivery, cellular immunity and cell capture. Finally, the current challenges and further development in this research area are discussed.     

Tuning the Adsorption Selectivity of ZIF-8 by Amorphization

Amorphous metal–organic frameworks (a_mMOFs) with a partially collapsed structure are a new category of porous hybrid materials. Here, solid-state amorphization of ZIF-8 was achieved by mechanical compression at 0.75 GPa. The compression-induced amorphous ZIF-8 (a_mZIF-8) had a collapsed structure, but retained partial porosity. Benefiting from the deformed channel, the resultant a_mZIF-8 exhibited preferable adsorption of C₃H₆, resulting in higher thermodynamic adsorption selectivity of C₃H₆/C₃H₈ (6.72) than the crystalline counterparts (1.06). Further, a_mZIF-8 achieved complete separation of an equimolar C₃H₆/C₃H₈ mixture with the first breakthrough of C₃H₈. a_mZIF-8 also displayed an enhancement in CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ adsorption selectivities. More importantly, a self-standing a_mZIF-8 membrane with boundary-free microstructure was constructed for the first time, and exhibited separation potential for H₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂, CO₂/CH₄, and C₃H₆/C₃H₈ with ideal selectivities of 14.79, 12.83, 16.23, and 2.67, respectively.     

Preparation of copper aluminum borate whiskers via flux method

Single‐crystal and uniform copper aluminum borate whiskers have been synthesized by heating a mixture of boric acid, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate with potassium sulfate as flux at 870 °C for 4 h. The synthesized whiskers exhibit a well‐crystallized, one‐dimensional structure with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 5 μm, lengths from 5 to 100 μm. Heating temperature and flux addition affect the aspect ratio and morphology of the copper aluminum borate whiskers. A possible growth mechanism of the whiskers is proposed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金高压凝固组织

利用光学显微镜,扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪对不同压力(2,4,6 GPa)下凝固的Al-1Ni-3Y(%,原子分数)共晶合金组织形貌和相组成进行研究,并且与常压条件下合金凝固组织进行对比。实验结果表明,与常压凝固相比,在超高压力条件下凝固的合金的显微组织形貌发生了很大的改变,但是合金的相组成没有发生变化。常压凝固的合金具有共晶团组织,而高压下凝固的合金具有枝晶状亚共晶组织。高压凝固合金显微组织中出现了大量的初生α-Al相,这表明高压条件下凝固的合金共晶点发生偏移,使得常压共晶成分的合金在高压下变成亚共晶成分合金。同时,共晶组织的形貌发生了很大变化,常压下凝固的合金的组织为Al3Y相与α-Al相形成的菊花状的二元共晶和Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成的层片状的二元共晶,而高压下这两种共晶组织逐渐转化为离异共晶组织。随着压力的增大,共晶第二相的体积分数减小,α-Al的晶格常数增加。     

A microfluidic photolithography for controlled encapsulation of single cells inside hydrogel microstructures

A microfluidic approach to generate hydrogel microstructures inside microchannels for controlled encapsulation of single cells was developed. The method was based on a modified microscope projection photolithography which allowed for the photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) inside microchannels. Uniform-sized hydrogel microstructures (~50 μm in diameter) were generated one by one with determined positions to encapsulate single cells without losing the viability. Cells of interest could be identified by any kinds of visible labels to be selectively encapsulated inside the formed hydrogel microstructures. Large-scale encapsulation of single cells was achieved with a relatively high efficiency of 80% and the viability of encapsulated cells could be guaranteed by removing the dead cells identified with Trypan blue. This method is simple, fast and convenient to pattern the microchannels with single cells for a wide range of cell-based applications. For demonstration, two intracellular enzyme assays of carboxylesterase were performed to investigate the distribution of enzyme concentrations and the kinetic information within the encapsulated single HepG2 cells.