液相线半连续铸造7075铝合金半固态组织演变

研究了液相线半连续铸造法生产的7075铝合金半固态浆料二次加热时组织的演变和主要合金元素的分布·结果表明,液相线铸造7075铝合金在相同加热温度下,随着保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸与球化倾向增大;在相同保温时间下,随着加热温度的升高,晶粒尺寸与球化倾向也增加·加热温度580℃左右,保温时间在15～30min之间,和加热温度600℃左右,保温时间在5～15min之间,可以将半连续铸造锭坯中的蔷薇状和近球状组织转化为球形晶粒,晶粒的平均直径范围为40～55μm,完全适合于半固态加工·液相线铸造7075铝合金二次加热组织中,主要合金元素M...     

小口径穿甲试验靶板弹孔和残余弹体显微组织研究

根据小口径穿甲试验结果,从材料微观结构的变化和分析研究靶板的抗力、损伤机制和穿甲弹的侵彻消耗过程.利用扫描电镜和光学金相显微镜研究了45#钢靶板高速冲击穿孔的显微组织,从穿孔表面到靶板内部,可分为熔化快凝层、再结晶细晶层、形变层和正常基体组织.在细晶层和形变层中,铁素体晶粒的变形量要远远大于珠光体的变形量,部分珠光体开裂,其周围形成微裂纹或微孔洞.侵彻过程中残余弹体的显微结构变化和质量侵蚀消耗仅局限在头部3～4 mm的狭小区域内.     

In situ TEM observation of synergistic electronic-excitation-effects of phase stability in III-V binary compound nanoparticles

Electronic-excitation-effects of phase stability in III-V binary compound nanoparticles have been studied by TEM. When GaSb particles were excited by 75 keV electrons, the compound transforms to a two-phase consisting of an antimony core and a gallium shell or an amorphous phase, or remains the original crystalline phase, depending on particle size and/or temperature. It is suggested that such nonlinear responses of the phase stability may arise from synergistic effects of bond instability under excited states, formation of high density of excited states, chemical equilibrium under excited states and temperature dependence of defects mobility.     

珠江三角洲软土分布及其结构类型划分

珠江三角洲是指珠江出口所在的平原地区.该地区分布着大量的第四系软土层,该软土层为各种建筑工程的潜在病害层,给工程建设带来了极为不利的影响.根据已有的钻孔资料,对珠江三角洲海相沉积软土的分布范围进行了探讨,并按天然含水量和孔隙比进行了软土分区,分为2个大区和3个亚区.并对该区具有代表性的软土的微结构特征进行了分析和研究,包括野外采取原状土样、室内制备样品、电镜扫描、图像处理以及提取基本结构形态参数和分析观察结构面的基本特征等.旨在获取珠江三角洲海相沉积软土的微结构类型和特征,为软土的变形和破坏研究提供基础,为珠江三角洲地区海相沉积软土区的工程建设提供宏观参考.     

Fe-Mn-1.6 Ni-C水电用钢板轧后 直接淬火和回火工艺

通过Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢板控制轧制、轧后直接淬火和560~710℃回火调质处理实验,研究了轧后直接淬火态和回火态的组织与性能变化.结果表明,轧后直接淬火得到组织细小的板条马氏体,固溶强化作用提高了其抗拉强度.经过回火热处理后,碳化物的析出及其对位错的钉扎作用,降低了钢的抗拉强度,提高了钢的屈服强度.随着回火温度的升高,碳化物聚集长大,铁素体发生回复与再结晶,造成强度下降以及冲击韧性提高.当回火温度高于A_○c1时,粗大的碳化物极易引起裂纹形核,破坏钢的冲击韧性.Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢最优的回火温度为680℃,屈服强度为963MPa,抗拉强度为988MPa,延伸率为20.0%,-60℃冲击功为142J.     

马氏体相变微结构演化过程的模拟与分析

实验中观察到形状记忆合金在应力诱发马氏体相变过程中,出现多界面的微结构,马氏体相会逐渐长大变粗,同时会出现由马氏体形核造成的应力突然降低.用多阱的弹性能函数来刻画此相变与微结构演化过程,发现相变时会出现多界面的微结构且伴随着马氏体相的形核至奥氏体相的消失过程,出现了界面数先增后减的变化,同时应力会出现跳跃而不连续.相对应的动力学模型的有限差分的计算结果同样显示形核时出现了多界面的微结构并伴随着应力的大幅振荡,随着载荷的增加界面位置随之移动,使得马氏体相区域逐渐长大.理论分析与数值模拟的结果较好地刻画了实验中观察到的马氏体相变过程中的形核,产生多界面,再到马氏体逐渐长大这一微结构的演化过程.     

花状Ag/ZnO微纳米结构:简单的合成和多功能应用

设计了一条两步路线成功合成了Ag纳米粒子点缀的ZnO花状微结构(Ag/ZnO).首先以六水合硝酸锌、尿素和L-半胱氨酸为反应原料,100℃下水热反应8h,合成出花状碱式碳酸锌前驱体,并经空气中高温煅烧得到多孔ZnO花状微结构;然后,通过光还原硝酸银得到了Ag/ZnO花状微结构.所得产物用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、热重分析仪、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光光谱等进行系统的表征.研究显示,所得的Ag/ZnO花状微结构在光催化、灭菌和电催化等领域都具有很好的应用.     

Homogenization of a fully coupled thermoelasticity problem for a highly heterogeneous medium with a priori known phase transformations

We investigate a linear, fully coupled thermoelasticity problem for a highly heterogeneous, two‐phase medium. The medium in question consists of a connected matrix with disconnected, initially periodically distributed inclusions separated by a sharp interface undergoing an a priori known interface movement because of phase transformations. After transforming the moving geometry to an ? ‐periodic, fixed reference domain, we establish the well‐posedness of the model and derive a number of ? ‐independent a priori estimates. Via a two‐scale convergence argument, we then show that the ? ‐dependent solutions converge to solutions of a corresponding upscaled model with distributed time‐dependent microstructures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conformationally asymmetric block copolymers

The standard parameters controlling AB diblock copolymer phase behavior are χN and f_A, where χ is an A-B segment interaction parameter, N is the overall degree of polymerization, and f_A is the volume fraction of the A block. Recently, it has been recognized that the ratio of the A and B statistical segment lengths α_A/α_B also represents another important parameter. Here, we theoretically examine the effects of this latter parameter on the phase behavior using the standard Gaussian chain model. Calculations are performed using both self-consistent field theory (SCFT) and strong segregation theory (SST). The ratio α_A/α_B is shown to have strong effects on order-order phase boundaries. Furthermore, it significantly affects the relative stability of the complex phases. In particular, it enhances the metastability of the perforated lamellar phase and may actually cause it to become an equilibrium structure. We also illustrate that varying α_A/α_B produces large changes in the relative domain spacings at order-order phase boundaries, which could strongly affect the kinetics of these transitions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 945–952, 1997     

大气腐蚀在低合金钢显微组织中的发生与发展

采用光学金相技术结合交流阻抗测量,分析了三种低合金钢在模拟的沿海大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为.实验发现,显微组织直接决定钢的初期腐蚀行为并间接影响长期腐蚀行为.在腐蚀初期,铁素体钢中的大角晶界易于被择优腐蚀,而贝氏体内的小角晶界的择优腐蚀趋势较弱,铁素体+珠光体钢的择优腐蚀集中于珠光体及其边界.铁素体裸钢有较强的耐腐蚀性,但其锈层电阻随腐蚀时间增加产生的增量较小;贝氏体与铁素体+珠光体裸钢的耐腐蚀性较差,但其锈层电阻随腐蚀时间增加产生的增量较大,长期腐蚀性能更优.这些结果表明,在适当合金化后,贝氏体作为新型低成本高强度耐候钢的基本组织极具应用潜力.