衍射增强成像方法在计算机断层成像中的应用

衍射增强成像是X射线相位衬度成像方法之一，这种方法具有较高的衬度和空间分辨率. 利用它对由轻元素组成的生物、医学样品成像可以观察到常规吸收成像无法观察到的内部微细结构. 这种方法在生物、医学、材料科学等无损检测领域中的应用研究，已成为当前国际上X射线成像领域中的研究热点. 讨论衍射增强成像方法和该方法在计算机断层成像中的应用. 实验结果表明，使用衍射增强成像方法获得的数据源能够重建出微米级的生物组织结构，这些组织结构信息在常规X射线断层成像中是难以得到的. 关键词： 衍射增强成像 CT重建 同步辐射 微细结构     

A general solution-chemistry route to the synthesis LiMPO4 (M=Mn, Fe, and Co) nanocrystals with [010] orientation for lithium ion batteries

A general and efficient solvothermal strategy has been developed for the preparation of lithium transition metal phosphate microstructures (LiMnPO₄, LiFePO₄, and LiCoPO₄), employing ethanol as the solvent, LiI as the Li source, metal salts as the M sources, H₃PO₄ as the phosphorus source, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the carbon source and template. This route features low cost, environmental benign, and one-step process for the cathode material production of Li-ion batteries without any complicated experimental setups and sophisticated operations. The as-synthesized LiMPO₄ microstructures exhibit unique, well-shaped and favorable structures, which are self-assembled from microplates or microrods. The b axis is the preferred crystal growth orientation of the products, resulting in a shorter lithium ion diffusion path. The LiFePO₄ microstructures show an excellent cycling stability without capacity fading up to 50 cycles when they are used as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries.     

Microstructures and properties of sol-enhanced nanostructured metal-oxide composite coatings

The recent work of the authors on the novel sol-enhanced nano-composite coatings was reviewed.This technique was developed to create high dispersion of oxide nano-particles into metal/alloy coatings.The agglomeration of nano-particles in the traditional composite coatings prepared by solid-powder mixing methods can be effectively avoided.Correspondingly the mierostructures of the sol-enhanced coatings are very different from those of the conventional composite coatings,and the coatings show superior mech...     

Micro‐Raman analysis and finite‐element modeling of 3 C‐SiC microstructures

Micro‐ and nano‐electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) fabricated in 3 C‐SiC are receiving particular attention thanks to the material physical properties: its wide band gap (2.3 eV), its ability to operate at high temperatures, its mechanical strength and its inertness to the exposure in corrosive environments. However, high residual stress (which is normally generated during the hetero‐epitaxial growth process) makes the use of 3 C‐SiC in Si‐based MEMS fabrication techniques very limited leading to a failure of micro‐machined/sensor structures. In this paper, micro‐Raman characterizations and finite‐element modeling (FEM) of microstructures realized on poly and single‐crystal (100) 3 C‐SiC/Si films are performed. Transverse optical (TO) Raman mode analysis reveals the stress relaxation on the free standing structure (796.5 cm⁻¹) respect to the stressed unreleased region (795.7 cm⁻¹). Also, microstructures as cantilever, bridge and planar rotating probe show an intense stress field located around the undercut region. Here, the TO Raman mode undergoes an intense shift, up to 2 cm⁻¹, ascribed to the modification of the Raman stress tensor. Indeed, the generalized axial regime, described by diagonal components of the Raman stress tensor, cannot be applied in this region. Raman maps analysis and FEM simulations show the ‘activation’ of the shear stress, i.e. non‐diagonal components of the stress tensor. The stress‐Raman modes shift correlation, in the case of fully non‐diagonal stress tensors, has been investigated. The aim of future works will be to minimize the stress field generation and the defects density within the epitaxial layer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electromagnetic shielding of multiwalled,bamboo-like carbon nanotube/methyl vinyl silicone composite prepared by liquid blending

Multiwalled, bamboo-like carbon nanotube (BCNT)/methyl vinyl silicone (MVQ) composites with different concentrations of BCNT were fabricated by liquid blending method with an aim to investigate the behavior of such composites as effective electromagnetic interference shielding material in the frequency range of 1–6?GHz. The morphology and structure of BCNT were characterized and elucidated. Scanning electron microscopy examination showed that the BCNTs homogeneously dispersed in MVQ. The electrical conductivity (σ) and shielding effectiveness (SE) of the composite were measured and discussed. The results showed that the BCNTs/MVQ composites had a relatively low percolation threshold at 0.92?wt. % BCNT, and the σ showed a decreasing linear relation with temperature, i.e., the σ slightly decreased with increasing temperature. The BCNTs/MVQ composites with SE of 33–38?dB were obtained at 7?wt. % BCNT loading. Shielding mechanism was studied by resolving the total incident energy into absorbed, reflected, and transmitted contribution, and the result showed that the dominated shielding mechanism was reflection loss.     

Tuning the Adsorption Selectivity of ZIF-8 by Amorphization

Amorphous metal–organic frameworks (a_mMOFs) with a partially collapsed structure are a new category of porous hybrid materials. Here, solid-state amorphization of ZIF-8 was achieved by mechanical compression at 0.75 GPa. The compression-induced amorphous ZIF-8 (a_mZIF-8) had a collapsed structure, but retained partial porosity. Benefiting from the deformed channel, the resultant a_mZIF-8 exhibited preferable adsorption of C₃H₆, resulting in higher thermodynamic adsorption selectivity of C₃H₆/C₃H₈ (6.72) than the crystalline counterparts (1.06). Further, a_mZIF-8 achieved complete separation of an equimolar C₃H₆/C₃H₈ mixture with the first breakthrough of C₃H₈. a_mZIF-8 also displayed an enhancement in CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ adsorption selectivities. More importantly, a self-standing a_mZIF-8 membrane with boundary-free microstructure was constructed for the first time, and exhibited separation potential for H₂/CH₄, CO₂/N₂, CO₂/CH₄, and C₃H₆/C₃H₈ with ideal selectivities of 14.79, 12.83, 16.23, and 2.67, respectively.     

基于微结构动态演化机制的单晶镍基高温合金晶体塑性本构及其有限元模拟

因其优异的高温力学性能,镍基单晶高温合金在航空航天和能源等领域得到了广泛的应用.镍基单晶高温合金优异的高温性能来源于其特有的两相微结构.基于代表体胞模型及分块均匀化方法,以位错密度为主要内变量,发展了一个包含两相微结构和位错演化信息的单晶镍基高温合金塑性行为的本构模型.该本构模型充分考虑了镍基单晶合金中位错在基体相和沉淀增强相中的多种演化机制,例如,基体位错八面体滑移、立方滑移、位错攀移、交滑移、位错弓出、位错切过沉淀增强相以及位错Kear-Wilsdolf(K-W)锁形成与解锁等.在商用有限元软件ABAQUS的框架下,编制了UMAT用户材料子程序.利用该用户子程序,对单晶和多晶镍基高温合金在不同温度、不同加载方向下的单调塑性、循环塑性、蠕变等典型行为进行了计算模拟.结果表明:该晶体塑性本构模型能"统一地"刻画镍基高温合金在不同温度、不同方向下的多种变形行为,并与实验结果具有良好的一致性.     

多光楔板制作大面积光折变光子微结构

提出了一种制作大面积光子微结构的简便方法,利用多光楔板产生大面积的多光束干涉,在光折变晶体中制作出了大面积的周期性光子微结构和准周期性的光子准晶微结构。该方法简便易行,系统稳定性好,无须复杂的调节装置,制作效率高。使用导波强度图像、远场衍射图样、布里渊区光谱成像等方法对制作的大面积光子微结构进行了验证和分析。设计不同的多光楔板,可以制作出多种更复杂的大面积光子微结构。通过适当的处理,制作的大面积光子微结构可以长久地固定在光折变晶体中,也可以擦除后用于制作新的结构,这在集成光学和微纳光子器件领域具有良好的应用前景。     

低Gd含量Mg Gd Y Zr Zn镁合金组织及性能

针对Mg Gd系镁合金含Gd量高,导致成本及比重增加,文中采用溶剂保护熔炼法制备Mg 6Gd 3Y 0.4Zr x Zn ( x =1,1.5,2)镁合金。经均匀化处理、热挤压及200 ℃时效处理制得试样,通过光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对合金组织、力学性能进行研究。结果表明,与固溶态相比,经过时效处理后析出的第二相更细小、分布更均匀;Mg 6Gd 3Y 0.4Zr 2Zn合金T5态的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为403 MPa和336 MPa,延伸率为7.0%,达到或接近含Gd量较高的Mg Gd Y系镁合金的综合力学性能。     

Rose‐Like Microstructures of Polyaniline by Using a Simplified Template‐Free Method under a High Relative Humidity

3‐D rose‐like microstructures of polyaniline (PANI), which are self‐assembled from 2‐D nanosheets consisted of 1‐D nanofibers, were synthesized by a template‐free method in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as both oxidant and dopant under a high relative humidity of 80% for the first time. When the relative humidity increases from 25 to 80%, not only morphology of the micro/nanostructured PANI undergoes a change from 1‐D nanofibers to 2‐D nanosheets to 3‐D rose‐like microstructures, but also increase in crystallinity. It is proposed that a cooperation effect of the oriented water molecules at the vapor–water interface and difference in hydrogen bonding energies between the interface and the bulk induced by the relative high humidity results in the formation of the 3‐D rose‐like microstructures self‐assembled from 2‐D nanosheets. Moreover, the method reported may provide a simple approach for understanding self‐assembly of complex micro/nanostructures of PANI.