奶牛乳房炎的病因分析

对引起奶牛乳房炎的病原微生物，包括接触传染性病原菌和环境性病原菌的种类及症状做了阐述与分析。     

不同生境狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆的土壤微生物数量、分含量及酶活性的比较研究

为了解狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆的土壤微生物与生境、土壤养分及酶活性之间的关系,采集内蒙古高原不同生境下的狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆的土壤,测定土壤微生物的数量、土壤养分和土壤酶活性.研究发现：狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆土壤中的微生物数量和养分含量表现为典型草原＞荒漠草原＞荒漠;碱性磷酸酶活性表现为典型草原＞荒漠草原＞荒漠,脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性表现为荒漠草原＞典型草原＞荒漠.这些研究结果表明：狭叶锦鸡儿灌丛沙堆土壤微生物的数量和组成差异是由土壤营养、气候以及受气候决定的植被差异共同作用的结果;而土壤微生物与土壤酶活性之间的关系较为复杂.     

马衔山两种不同生境沙棘根际微生物研究

在沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)萌动早期,选取甘肃马衔山地区两种典型的生境,进行了沙棘根际微生物的分离、测数,并根据菌株形态、培养特征和生理生化特性等,对根际细菌、放线菌和真菌进行了初步鉴定.从两样地共得到细菌菌株47株,分属于12个属;放线菌菌株31株,分属于3个属;真菌菌株20株,分属于4个属.同一地区不同生境沙棘根际土壤中,林缘河滩沙棘灌丛沙棘根际土壤中微生物的总数以及细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于阳坡干旱草地;不同生境沙棘根际土壤中微生物种类组成也存在一定差异.     

基于高通量测序的不同养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾肠道和水体中微生物的多样性

【目的】研究不同养殖系统对凡纳滨对虾肠道及水体微生物多样性的影响。【方法】以循环养殖系统和非养殖系统下凡纳滨对虾养殖水体及其肠道为研究对象,在养殖30d后采集样品,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序样品细菌16SrRNA基因V3+V4区,通过RDP11.3、Greengenes13.8、NCBI 16S Microbial和Customized batabase等数据库进行分析,阐述循环养殖系统的意义和微生物在其中的作用。【结果】养殖期间,不同养殖系统凡纳滨对虾均正常存活。将原始序列优化后对Clean序列进行分析,非循环系统下水体优质序列百分比约81%,肠道中约89%;循环系统下水体优质序列百分比为92%,肠道中为94%。两种养殖系统下水体和肠道细菌在纲水平占绝对优势的是变形菌纲,但各菌群丰度不同;不同的Alpha指数显示出物种间的差异性;通过系统发育树可以看出,不同养殖系统改变了凡纳滨对虾生境中的物种及发育关系,间接阐述微生物在养殖生境中的作用和意义。【结论】通过高通量测序揭示不同养殖系统中微生物菌群的差异以及多样性,对于凡纳滨对虾实际养殖具有指导作用,对阐述养殖过程中微生物和相关疾病的关系具有重要意义。     

环境因素对铜离子毒性的影响

铜是城市污水中常见的危害性重金属之一.在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,通过改变环境因素(MISS、COD负荷、pH及DO),考察了在不同环境条件下铜离子对活性污泥的毒性作用,以期为重金属废水处理研究提供参考依据.结果表明:增大MLSS和COD负荷将显著提高微生物脱氢酶活性,有利于微生物抵抗铜离子毒性;在弱酸性与弱碱性条件pH...     

有机物生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附是有效处理难降解有机物的技术之一。文章从生物吸附的概念、生物吸附过程、吸附剂的制备及再生、生物吸附影响因素等方面进行了综述,同时阐述了生物吸附有机物的技术研究进展和应用前景展望。     

压电生物传感器的研究进展

压电生物传感器是一种将高灵敏的压电传感器与特异的生物反应结合在一起的新型生物分析方法,这一方法不需要任何标记,且仪器构造简单、操作方便,引起人们的兴趣,并已成为当前生物传感器领域中的一个研究热点。本文就压电生物传感器在气体、微生物、病毒、蛋白质及基因检测等方面的研究应用作一评述。     

Demulsification of Solids‐Stabilized Emulsions Under Microwave Radiation

Experimental data are presented to show the influence of solid particles on demulsification. It was found that the solid particles could effectively resist demulsification. Compared with conventional heating, microwave radiation can enhance the demulsification rate by an order of magnitude and increase the demulsification effectiveness. The demulsification effectiveness of the emulsions stabilized by graphite powder can reach 82%–89% in a very short time under microwave radiation, whilst that of the emulsions stabilized by barium sulfate can attain 100% under similar conditions.     

Tandyukisin,a novel ketoaldehyde decalin derivative,produced by a marine sponge-derived Trichoderma harzianum

Tandyukisin (1), a novel decalin derivative with an enolic β-ketoaldehyde, has been isolated from a strain of Trichoderma harzianum OUPS-111D-4 originally derived from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai, and its structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. In addition, the absolute configuration for 1 was established by the application of CD spectrum to the tribenzoate derivative. This compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines.     

Demulsification Efficiency of Some New Demulsifiers Based on 1,3,5-Triethanolhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

This study mainly concentrates on the synthesis of three novel demulsifiers and the investigation of their demulsification efficiency. The demulsifiers were derived from 1,3,5-triethanolhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, which was prepared by the reaction of monoethanol amine with formaldehyde. The 1,3,5-triethanolhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine was ethoxylated by introducing 20 units of ethylene oxide and then esterified at different molar ratios with oleic acid (1, 2, and 3) to give three demulsifiers, namely, E₂₀TO, E₂₀TO₂, and E₂₀TO₃. The chemical structures of the prepared demulsifiers were confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR spectrum. The demulsification efficiency of these demulsifiers was tested on the natural water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions (50% water content). From the obtained results, it has been found that the investigated demulsifiers have a great potential to break the w/o emulsions. The trioleat ester (E₂₀TO₃) exhibited the maximum demulsification efficiency (96%) after 120 minutes at 55°C.