Fracture characteristics of concrete subjected to impact loading

This paper takes concrete as a four-phase composite made of the intact matrix and three mutually perpendicular groups of penny-shaped micro-cracks. The intact matrix is assumed to be elastic,homogeneous and isotropic,and the micro-cracks are penny-shaped. Combined with the failure mechanism of concrete subjected to impact loading,a dynamic constitutive model for concrete is developed based on Mori-Tanaka's average stress concept and Eshelby's equivalent inclusion theory. Experimental results show that concr...     

Modeling and simulation of mechanical properties of nano-particle filled materials

With the recent advances in nanoscale science and engineering, materials containing reinforcement with superior mechanical properties can be found in many advanced products. The accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of this class of composite materials is important to ensure the reliability of the products. Characterization methods based contact probe such as nano-indentation and scratch tests havebeen developed in recent years to measure the mechanical properties of the new class of nanomaterials. This paper presents a constitutive modeling framework for predicting the mechanical properties of nanoparticle reinforced composite materials. The formulation directly considers the effects of inter-nanoparticle interaction and performs a statistical averaging to the solution of the problem of two-nanoparticle interaction. Final constitutive equations are obtained in analytical closed form with no additional material parameters. The predictions from the proposed constitutive model are compared with experimental measurement from nano-indentation tests. This constitutive model for nanoparticle reinforced composites can be used to determine the volume concentration of the reinforcing nanoparticles in nano-indentation test.     

Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Binary Blends of Immiscible Polymers

We couple a morphological study of an immiscible binary AB mixture with a micromechanical simulation to determine how the spatial distribution of the A and B domains and the interfacial region (interphase) affects the mechanical behavior of the blend. The morphological studies are conducted through a three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard (CH) simulation. Through the CH calculations, we obtain the size and structure of the domains for different blend compositions. The output of the CH model serves as the input to the Lattice Spring Model (LSM), which consists of a three-dimensional network of springs. In particular, the location of the different phases is mapped onto the LSM lattice and the appropriate force constants are assigned to the LSM sites. A stress is applied to the LSM lattice and we calculate the elastic response of the material. We find that the local stress and strain fields are highly dependent on the morphology of the system. By integrating the morphological and mechanical models, we can isolate how modifications in the composition of the mixture affect the macroscopic behavior. Thus, we can establish how choices made in the components affect the ultimate performance of the material.     

基于细观力学均匀化等效材料参数的复合泡沫热致应力预测方法

环氧复合泡沫采用空心玻璃微珠改性环氧树脂,对于降低电子封装材料的热致应力非常有效.为提高环氧复合泡沫的设计效率,本文提出了一种宏细观结合的环氧复合泡沫热致应力分析方法.首先通过细观力学建立不同微珠粒径、壁厚、微珠体积分数等微观结构参数下环氧复合泡沫的等效性能预测模型,然后结合宏观线弹性热应力分析模型,进行环氧复合泡沫电子封装的热致应力分析,最终获得了一种电子封装热致应力与环氧复合泡沫微观结构之间的关联模型.基于模型探讨了微珠壁厚、微珠体积分数、微珠配比等微观结构参数对封装热致应力的影响规律,并基于两种典型封装结构证明了方法的可行性,研究成果对于开发低应力封装技术、提高电子封装的可靠性及环境适应性具有重要的意义.     

基于数字图像处理的沥青混合料细观力学分析

沥青混合料是一种典型的非均质材料,主要由集料,胶浆和孔隙组成。内部细观结构在很大程度上控制了它们的宏观力学行为。数字图像处理技术的发展,为材料细观结构的精确量测和数字表述提供了有效手段,被应用于沥青混合料细观结构的有限元建模。基于数字图像处理技术对间接拉伸试验（IDT）进行有限元模拟,数值模拟的结果与实际试验的结果吻合性很好,说明了数字图像处理技术是一种非常有效的有限元建模手段。     

Mechanical Behavior of Unidirectional Curaua Fiber and Glass Fiber Composites

Summary: This work intends to promote the use of natural fibers by comparing the behavior of isophthalic polyester matrix composites reinforced with unidirectional curaua fibers with that of unidirectional glass fiber composites. The composites were produced varying the reinforcement angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°) with the aim of studying the fiber orientation effect on composite strength. Composites were also made varying the fiber volume fraction (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The efficiency of an alkaline (5% NaOH) surface treatment of the curaua fiber was also evaluated. The unidirectional composites were characterized using tensile, flexural and short beam tests as per ASTM standards. The properties of a lamina reinforced with either glass or curaua fibers were also studied using theoretical micromechanical approach available in commercial software. The curaua fiber alkaline treatment produced higher tensile strength results compared with untreated fibers. The increase in reinforcement angle significantly decreased strength and modulus of the composites, as expected, and the glass fiber composites showed a more pronounced dependence with fiber orientation. Although the glass fiber laminas showed the best mechanical performance, the results obtained with the curaua fibers were considered similar for angles greater than 45°.     

横向压缩载荷下短纤维复合材料细观力学分析

建立含纤维、界面相和基体的短纤维增强弹性体复合材料在横向压缩载荷作用下的单纤维细观力学模型,得到了单元体内部的应力分布函数。以2种不同纤维增强弹性体复合材料为对象,研究横向压缩载荷作用下单纤维模型内部的应力分布状况。结果表明:单元体内部应力分布是不均匀的,其大小与复合材料不均匀程度及纤维体积分数有关。应力分布的不均匀性随材料的不均匀程度的增大而增大;随着纤维体积分数的增加,压应力最大值逐渐增大,而拉应力最大值先增大后减小。     

Fracture strength testing of a self-passivating tungsten alloy at the micrometre scale

The brittle fracture strength of a self-passivating W-Cr10-Ti2 alloy (in wt.%) was measured through un-notched cantilever bending at the microscopic scale. The material behaved purely elastic and fractured catastrophically in an unstable fashion. An average nominal strength of 5.9 GPa was measured. The scatter in strength was shown to be significantly higher than the sum of all random errors indicating an inherent variability of the material’s strength. The measurements from 28 tests followed a Weibull distribution with a modulus of m = 12. Results from a size effect study at the microscopic scale were successfully predicted through Weibull scaling. Extrapolation into the macroscopic range overestimated the measured three-point bend strength, which is likely due to the presence of large-scale heterogeneities. The test technique sampled a material thickness of only several micrometres and is hence suitable for future ion irradiation studies.     

A Model for Predicting Effective Properties of Piezocomposites with Non-piezoelectric Inclusions

Most piezocomposites, which have been widely used in engineering, consist of piezoelectric inclusions and a non-piezoelectric matrix. Due to the limits of fabrication technology, it is hard to avoid the matrix intermingling with other non-piezoelectric inclusions, such as cavities. The non-piezoelectric inclusions can substantially affect performance of piezocomposites. In this paper we study the electromechanical fields in piezocomposites which are composed of a non-piezoelectric matrix embedded with both piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric inclusions. Closed-form relations are obtained for the effective electroelastic moduli of a piezocomposite with both piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric inclusions. The effective properties of a 1-3 type piezocomposite with non-piezoelectric spherical inclusions are analyzed carefully and explicit formulae for the effective electroelastic properties of a 1-3-0 piezocomposite are also obtained. The analysis shows that the effect of non-piezoelectric inclusions on the electroelastic properties of piezocomposites is significant and should not be neglected. The model proposed in this paper is expected to be useful for predicting and analyzing the overall electromechanical properties of piezocomposites with a non-piezoelectric matrix containing both piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric inclusions.     

含随机分布缺陷的多晶铁电材料的有效电弹性能

针对铁电材料含有随机分布缺陷以及微结构在外场作用下发生变化的特点,建立起一个细观统计力学模型,考虑到缺陷和酶极化转动之间的相互影响,利用细观力学方法－Eshelby等效夹杂法和Mori-Tanaka的平均理论,具体分析了所含缺陷以及外场对铁电材料有效电弹性能和模量的影响。针对BaTiO3铁电陶瓷的有效电弹性能与常数的预报结果表明了缺陷的存在将增强材料的压电性能。