Carbon-free nanoporous gold based membrane electrocatalysts for fuel cells

Nanoporous gold(NPG) membranes made by dealloying consist of a bicontinuous network of Au ligaments and open pore channels, which have gained considerable attention as a platform for the design of carbon-free electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). Benefiting from a unique combination of high electronic conductivity, high surface area, and modifiable surface chemistry, these self-supporting membrane type electrodes allow integration of various structural functions required fo...     

Imide‐functionalized naphthodithiophene based donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers for solar cells

Donor‐acceptor conjugated polymers containing a new imide‐functionalized naphthodithiophene (INDT) as the acceptor unit and a 2,2'‐bithiophene with varied substituents as the donor unit have been synthesized. The bandgaps of these polymers depend strongly on the dihedral angle of the 2,2'‐bithiophene unit. The 3,3'‐dialkoxy substitution (polymers PDOR / PBOR ) leads to near planar bithiophene conformation due to the well‐known S–O short contact, while the 3,3'‐dialkyl substitution (polymer PDR ) results in significant twisting due to the steric effect. Consequently PDOR / PBOR shows the lowest bandgap of 1.82/1.85 eV while PDR has a bandgap of 2.38 eV. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells of the polymer/fullerene blends have been fabricated. Preliminary results show that PBOR gives the best device performance with power conversion efficiencies as high as 2.45% in air without any thermal annealing treatment, indicating the promising potential of INDT‐containing conjugated polymers for efficient solar cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3818–3828     

Living fluids

One of the major emerging fields of research of the beginning of this century concerns living fluids. By “living fluids”, we mean two major categories of complex fluids: (i) fluids which are essential to life, like blood, and (ii) active fluids made of particles that are able to propel themselves in the suspending fluid by converting a form of their energy into mechanical motion. Studies on active fluids have known a considerable interest since the last decade. Blood might be viewed as an old topic, but the progresses in experimental techniques, analytical concepts and numerics, have contributed nowadays to a dramatic renewal of the interest in this field, with a great potential towards understanding physical and mechanical factors in cardiovascular diseases. These fields have considerably strengthened interdisciplinary research. The series of reviews of this dossier focus on the tremendous recent progress achieved in research on living fluids both from the experimental and theoretical points of views. These reviews present also the major open issues, making of this dossier a unique guide for future research in these fields. This project grew up thanks to the international summer school that we organized on the topic “living fluids” at the IES (Institut dʼétudes scientifiques) of Cargèse (Corsica) in 2012.     

纳米晶TiO2在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

以P25为原料,采用水热法制得以菱形为主、直径为10～15nm、比表面积达112m2/g的纳米晶TiO2.用该纳米晶TiO2制膜,并与用P25粉制成的膜进行对比,通过扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附装置等对两种膜进行分析和表征.结果表明:纳米晶TiO2制成的膜颗粒小、分布均匀,BET比表面积是P25膜的两倍,膜厚相同时染料吸附量是P25膜的两倍多.将纳米晶TiO2膜与P25膜用于染料敏化太阳能电池上,分析染料敏化太阳能电池的光电特性,结果表明,用纳米晶TiO2组成的染料敏化太阳能电池具有高的光电流密度和转换效率.     

用Lambert W函数求解太阳能电池的串联电阻

为准确计算太阳能电池的串联电阻,从太阳能电池单二极管模型的电流-电压特性方程出发,推导出一个用LambertW函数形式表示的串联电阻解析表达式.该表达式仅需将太阳能电池的电流-电压特性曲线和模型参数值代入其中即可求出串联电阻,避免了通常近似计算方法所引入的误差.不同类型和不同工作条件下太阳能电池串联电阻的计算结果验证了文中计算方法的准确性和实用性.     

野西瓜挥发油对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的抑制

探讨野西瓜挥发油对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞生长的作用.采用MTT、SRB和肿瘤细胞集落形成能力实验观察野西瓜挥发油对SGC-7901细胞增殖的抑制作用;激光共聚焦显微镜观察FITC-Annexin V和PI双染法检测野西瓜挥发油作用于SGC-7901细胞后细胞凋亡的形态特征.结果显示,野西瓜挥发油可抑制SGC-7901细胞的生长,MTT与SRB法测得其IC50为145.5μg/mL,GI50为121.32μg/mL,LC50为900.96μg/mL,TGI为240.55μg/mL;野西瓜挥发油对SGC-7901细胞集落形成的IC50为160.04μg/mL.Annexin V/PI双染激光共聚焦显微镜观察到75、150、300μg/mL的野西瓜挥发油可诱导SGC-7901细胞出现凋亡早、中、晚期的细胞形态.提示野西瓜挥发油具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,其抑瘤机制可能为诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

一种有效的富氢中选择氧化CO催化剂Au-CuO/Al2O3

采用等体积浸渍法制备了1.0%Au-CuO/Al2O3催化剂,考察了不同Au与Cu的原子比对催化剂在富氢气氛下选择氧化CO性能的影响,并对该催化剂稳定性进行了初步测试.结果表明,该催化剂在30 ℃～85 ℃范围内可以将CO浓度由1.0%降至0.005%以下.催化剂在80 ℃,模拟气氛条件下10 h内失活很小.通过BET、XRD、UV-vis漫反射等表征发现:催化剂体系中Cu以CuO的形式存在,较小粒子的Au在该反应中表现出较好的活性与选择性.     

全反式维甲酸对小鼠胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞诱导作用研究

目的:探讨全反式维甲酸对小鼠胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞(NSCs)的诱导分化情况.方法:分离孕12.5d及15.5d的胚胎小鼠脑皮质.取第3代NSCs,用含1μmol·L-1的全反式维甲酸在体外诱导小鼠胚胎不同阶段的NSCs.诱导5d后,通过神经元微管相关蛋白2(MAP2)免疫荧光染色和Westernblots检测NSCs分化为神经元的比例.结果:与对照组相比,全反式维甲酸可明显提高神经元分化的比例.E12.5干细胞和E15.5胚胎干细胞分化为神经元的比例分别为30%±1.47%和16.21%±1.36%.结论全反式维甲酸具有显著的促神经干细胞分化成神经元的效应,并对胚胎不同阶段神经干细胞的诱导作用有所不同.     

Transference Numbers and Activity Coefficients of Some Alkali Metal Halide Solutions in Ethylene Glycol,Using Concentration Cells

Abstract

The reliability of the concentration cell method for determining cation transference numbers has been tested using solutions of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, NaBr and LiBr in ethylene glycol at 25°C. Concentrations in the range 0.0005 to 0.5 mol dm^?3 were used. Our transference numbers have been compared with those deduced from previous data on moving boundary and conductivity experiments. Good agreement between both sets of values has been found in most of the solutions, but significant discrepancies appear in the cases of NaBr and LiCl. The mean activity coefficients have been calculated from the EMF data and the transference numbers.