全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31324篇 |
免费 | 3166篇 |
国内免费 | 2994篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14992篇 |
晶体学 | 210篇 |
力学 | 1966篇 |
综合类 | 134篇 |
数学 | 1400篇 |
物理学 | 7517篇 |
综合类 | 11265篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 264篇 |
2022年 | 581篇 |
2021年 | 756篇 |
2020年 | 906篇 |
2019年 | 754篇 |
2018年 | 669篇 |
2017年 | 794篇 |
2016年 | 944篇 |
2015年 | 1109篇 |
2014年 | 1482篇 |
2013年 | 2004篇 |
2012年 | 1741篇 |
2011年 | 2023篇 |
2010年 | 1594篇 |
2009年 | 1798篇 |
2008年 | 1842篇 |
2007年 | 2014篇 |
2006年 | 1938篇 |
2005年 | 1655篇 |
2004年 | 1498篇 |
2003年 | 1349篇 |
2002年 | 1312篇 |
2001年 | 1062篇 |
2000年 | 931篇 |
1999年 | 824篇 |
1998年 | 753篇 |
1997年 | 746篇 |
1996年 | 614篇 |
1995年 | 530篇 |
1994年 | 490篇 |
1993年 | 369篇 |
1992年 | 400篇 |
1991年 | 302篇 |
1990年 | 282篇 |
1989年 | 252篇 |
1988年 | 219篇 |
1987年 | 140篇 |
1986年 | 102篇 |
1985年 | 72篇 |
1984年 | 53篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 51篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 115 毫秒
181.
The features of interaction of a spherical metallic particle with a rarefied thermal plasma flow due to the presence o charges-electrons and ions in the gaseous phase-are considered. Analytical expressions describing charge, momentum, and energy exchange between the plasma and the particle für the cases of strong and weak Debye screening are obtained. It is illustrated that the efficiency of particle heating in the plasma considerably grows as compared with a hot molecular gas due to participation of electrons and ions in file transfer processes. 相似文献
182.
唐瑞平 《高等学校化学学报》1991,12(4):532-536
通过测定平带电位,澄清了OH~-离子在CdSe电极上的吸附情况,发现在S、S~(2-)、OH~-溶液中S~(2-)离子优先吸附,结合旋转环盘电极测量,证明n-CdSe电极在多硫溶液界面上的电荷转移过程。 相似文献
183.
激光二极管自混合干涉和微振动的实验观测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了利用LabView软件虚拟示波器和信号源,对激光二极管自混合干涉和微振动进行的实验观测.该实验可以作为本科低年级学生的综合设计实验. 相似文献
184.
David E. Griffiths 《应用有机金属化学》1994,8(2):149-161
Dibutyltin-3-hydroxyflavone, Bu2Sn(of), is a new fluorescence probe inhibitor of F1F0-ATPase and oxidative phosphorylation which inhibits by titration of an unidentified component of F0. Its site of action is closely related to that of the trialkyltins and of venturicidin. This F0 component is part of a pool of this component which is present in the heart mitochondrial inner membrane at levels of 5–7 nmol (mg protein)?1 [18 ± 3 Bu2Sn(of) sites per mol F1F0-ATPase]. However, ATPase activity in submitochondrial particles is near maximally inhibited by titration of approx. three Bu2Sn(of) sites per mol F1F0-ATPase. Over 60% (60–80%) of the Bu2Sn(of) interaction sites can be lost during the purification of F1F0-ATPase from submitochondrial particles. The number of Bu2Sn(of) interaction sites in various F1F0-ATPase preparations is variable. The high numbers of Bu2Sn(of) sites per mol F1F0-ATPase for heart mitochondria (18–21) and submitochondrial particles (15–19.5) decline in ATP synthase (11–15) to the low values obtained in Complex V (7–10.5) and the minimal values observed in highly purified F1F0?ATPase (3.5–5.6), thus indicating a variable dissociable component or cofactor of ATP synthase. The Bu2Sn(of) interaction site, a component of ATP synthase, is responsive to the redox status of the respiratory chain and the interaction with Bu2Sn(of) is with the reduced form of this component. Fluorescence titration studies show that this component is in redox equilibrium with the ubiquinone pool of the respiratory chain. It is proposed that this redox component serves as an inhibitor titratable cofactor pool which cycles through an F0 interaction site (or sites) via a system which serves as an energy-transfer link between the respiratory chain and ATP synthase. 相似文献
185.
Heat transfer in a resist-coated silicon wafer using a bake process is theoretically evaluated by modeling the three-dimensional diffusion process, focusing on the controllability of the lithographic performance of chemically amplified resists. Six models of various ambient conditions are used. The proximity gap between the hotplate and the wafer is found to have a dominant influence on the heat transfer process for the whole system. Because the atmosphere near the wafer acts as a thermal diffusion buffer layer, no temperature gradient occurs in the resist, even when it is subjected to convective heat transfer from the resist surface. Experimental results obtained by X-ray lithography confirm the calculation results. 相似文献
186.
Almeria Natansohn 《先进技术聚合物》1994,5(3):133-145
The recent literature on polymeric charge transfer complexes is reviewed with emphasis on the author's own work. After a definition of the area and a survey of investigations on the spatial arrangement of donor and acceptor sites in the solid state, a variety of applications of these complexes is presented. Electrically conductive polymers are excluded. These applications are: compatibilization of polymer blends, liquid crystalline supramolecular organization, new developments in photo-conductivity, electroluminescence, nonlinear optical properties, photorefractivity and reversible optical storage. 相似文献
187.
188.
用卡他温度计测定社鼠毛皮的保温性能,发现缝套和未缝套、不同季节、变温和恒温动物之间相差很大,不同性别、不同海拔高度、变温动物间、恒温动物间差异甚微。 相似文献
189.
采用热处理方法提高MEH-PPV单层聚合物有机发光二极管发光性能的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对以MEH-PPV为发光层的单层聚合物有机发光二极管(OLED)器件在最佳条件下进行真空热处理,并用金相显微镜观察施加电压后器件的阴极表面形貌。发现处理后的器件阴极表面的气泡及黑斑明显减少。器件的发光性能显著提高。与未经处理的器件相比,最大相对发光强度提高了一个数量级、启亮电压降低了2.0V,半寿命提高了12.7倍。初步分析表明热处理方法提高器件发光性能的主要原因在于有效地减少了器件在工作过程中由于焦耳热产生的某些气体,从而减少阴极表面气泡及黑斑的出现,另一方面,热处理方法也增强了有机发光层与阴极接触界面的结合力,提高电子注入水平。 相似文献
190.
Marie‐France Llauro Julien Loiseau Fernande Boisson Frdric Delolme Catherine Ladavire J. Claverie 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(21):5439-5462
Low‐molecular‐weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with a trithiocarbonate as chain‐transfer agent (CTA). With a combination of NMR spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the PAA end‐groups of the polymer were analyzed before and after neutralization by sodium hydroxide. The polymer prior to neutralization is made up of the expected trithiocarbonate chain‐ends and of the H‐terminated chains issued from a reaction of transfer to solvent. After neutralization, the trithiocarbonates are transformed into thiols, disulfides, thiolactones, and additional H‐terminated chains. By quantifying the different end‐groups, it was possible to demonstrate that fragmentation is the rate limiting step in the transfer reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5439–5462, 2004 相似文献