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141.
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Ke Sha Dongshuang Li Yapeng Li Xiaotian Liu Shuwei Wang Jingqi Guan Jingyuan Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(22):5037-5049
Amphiphilic diblock copolymer polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PCL‐b‐PGMA) was synthesized via enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (eROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Methanol first initiated eROP of ?‐caprolactone (?‐CL) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme‐435 under anhydrous conditions. The resulting monohydroxyl‐terminated polycaprolactone (PCL–OH) was subsequently converted to a bromine‐ended macroinitiator (PCL–Br) for ATRP by esterification with α‐bromopropionyl bromide. PCL‐b‐PGMA diblock copolymers were synthesized in a subsequent ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). A kinetic analysis of ATRP indicated a living/controlled radical process. The macromolecular structures were characterized for PCL–OH, PCL–Br, and the block copolymers by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses indicated that the copolymer composition (?‐CL/GMA) had a great influence on the thermal properties. The well‐defined, amphiphilic diblock copolymer PCL‐b‐PGMA self‐assembled into nanoscale micelles in aqueous solutions, as investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5037–5049, 2007 相似文献
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Xiao‐Hui Liu Yan‐Guo Li Ying Lin Yue‐Sheng Li 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(7):1272-1281
The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) mediated by 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate was first applied to synthesize polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high molecular weight up to 32,800 and a polydispersity index as low as 1.29. The key to success was ascribed to the optimization of the experimental conditions to increase the fragmentation reaction efficiency of the intermediate radical. In accordance with the atom transfer radical polymerization of AN, ethylene carbonate was also a better solvent candidate for providing higher controlled/living RAFT polymerization behaviors than dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The various experimental parameters, including the temperature, the molar ratio of dithiobenzoate to the initiator, the molar ratio of the monomer to dithiobenzoate, the monomer concentration, and the addition of the comonomer, were varied to improve the control of the molecular weight and polydispersity index. The molecular weights of PANs were validated by gel permeation chromatography along with a universal calibration procedure and intrinsic viscosity measurements. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1272–1281, 2007 相似文献
145.
The reactions of 5-methyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole with 2, 2-dimethyl, 3-substituted cyclopropanecarboxylic chlorides give O-acyl-5-methyl-3-hydroxyisoxazole and N-acyl-5-methylisoxazolin-3-one derivatives. The ratio of O-acyl to N-acyl product depends upon the acylation reagents. O-acyl derivatives can be converted to the N-acyl compounds by isomerization under acidic conditions or heating. 相似文献
146.
《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2006,12(27):7007-7007
147.
液态泡沫结构及其稳定性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
液态泡沫由大量气泡密集堆积在少量的表面活性剂溶液中形成,是具有高度自组织结构的典型的软物质.文章从泡沫物理学角度简要介绍了液态泡沫的结构特征和稳定性方面的研究. 相似文献
148.
We consider the problem of solving the integral form of the radiative transfer equation in an atmosphere with optical thickness τ0?1. We propose two methods transforming this problem to a finite set of the independent problems of the same type set in an atmosphere with optical thickness much less then τ0. The error estimates are derived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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