Solvation Dynamics of a Radical Ion Pair in Micro‐Heterogeneous Binary Solvents: A Semi‐Quantitative Study Utilizing MARY Line‐Broadening Experiments

This work aims at elucidating the mechanism of solvation of a radical ion pair (RIP) in a micro‐heterogeneous binary solvent mixture using magnetically affected reaction yield (MARY) spectroscopy. For the exciplex‐forming 9,10‐dimethylanthracene/N,N‐dimethylaniline system a comparative, composition‐dependent MARY line‐broadening study is undertaken in a heterogeneous (toluene/dimethylsulfoxide) and a quasi‐homogenous (propyl acetate/butyronitrile) solvent mixture. The half‐saturation field extrapolated to zero‐quencher concentration, B_1/2, and the self‐exchange rate constants are analyzed in the light of solvent dynamical properties of the mixtures and a dielectric continuum solvation model. The dependence of B_1/2 on the solvent composition is explained by cluster formation giving rise to shortened RIP lifetimes. The results are in qualitative agreement with the continuum solvation model suggesting that it could serve as a theoretical basis for quantitative modeling.     

Tsinghua-1 Micro-Satellite Power System Architecture and Design

IntroductionThe Space Center of Tsinghua University( Beijing,China) ,together with Surrey Satellite TechnologyLtd.( SSTL,Guildford,United Kingdom) ,designed and produced the Tsinghua- 1 Micro-satellite.SSTL has pioneered cost- effectivesatellite engineering techniques for highlysophisticated,yet inexpensive micro- satellites[1]for earth observation,data delivery[2 ] and scientificexperiments[3,4 ] .The Tsinghua- 1 Micro- satellite has a mass ofapproximately5 0 kg.Its envelope is330 m…     

高表面能晶面裸露的金属氧化物微纳米晶体的可控合成

表面结构是影响固体材料物理和化学性质的重要因素,由于高表面能的晶面上存在更多的表面悬挂键等,高表面能晶面裸露的微纳米晶体一般表现出很好的物理和化学活性．近年来,科研工作者针对高能面微纳米晶体材料的制备及性能调控进行了大量的研究工作并取得了一定的进展．本文重点讨论了高能面裸露的金属氧化物半导体微纳米晶体的合成制备方法．主要以本课题组近年在该领域的研究为例,分别从晶体生长过程中的静电作用法、“帽”式试剂保护法、过饱和度调控法、动力学调控法及选择性化学刻蚀法等几个方面对高表面能晶面裸露的金属氧化物微纳米晶体的制备进行了系统的总结．     

Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend tablets for application in quantitative analysis by micro Raman spectroscopy

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that has a variety of applications, one of which is as biomaterial in surgery or as functional layers on implants, due to its compatibility with living tissue. This paper reports the possibilities of quantification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in a polymer matrix such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by micro Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Blends of amorphous poly(DL‐lactic acid) with poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared by the procedure of dissolution/precipitation. Thermal properties of the blends such as the glass transition temperature (Tg) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PLA/PMMA blends exhibited only a single glass transition region, indicating that this system is miscible. The PLA/PMMA system obeys the Gordon–Taylor equation (Tg versus PLA content). Various concentration ratios of PLA blends were prepared to use as a basis for quantitative analysis by MRS. Intensities of the characteristic bands at 813 cm⁻¹ (νCOC of PMMA) and 873 cm⁻¹ (νC―COO of PLA) were used for the calculation. The calibration graph showed a good linear correlation with an R² value of 0.9985. On the basis of the calibration curve obtained, the determined content of several PLA/PMMA blends was in good agreement when compared with nominal contents. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated by the calibration data set as signal‐to‐noise method. The relative standard deviation of this method was lower than 10% and the accuracy better than 4%. This study demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy provides an alternative non destructive method for quantitative analysis of PLA in a PMMA matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman micro‐spectroscopy for quantitative thickness measurement of nanometer thin polymer films

The sensitivity of far‐field Raman micro‐spectroscopy was investigated to determine quantitatively the actual thickness of organic thin films. It is shown that the thickness of organic films can be quantitatively determined down to 3 nm with an error margin of 20% and down to 1.5 nm with an error margin of 100%. Raman imaging of thin‐film surfaces with a far‐field optical microscope establishes the distribution of a polymer with a lateral resolution of ~400 nm and the homogeneity of the film. Raman images are presented for spin‐coated thin films of polysulfone (PSU) with average thicknesses between 3 and 50 nm. In films with an average thickness of 43 nm, the variation in thickness was around 5% for PSU. In films with an average thickness of 3 nm for PSU, the detected thickness variation was 100%. Raman imaging was performed in minutes for a surface area of 900 µm². The results illustrate the ability of far‐field Raman microscopy as a sensitive method to quantitatively determine the thickness of thin films down to the nanometer range. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高中有机化学教学中提升核心素养并体味科学价值*——以“乙炔的化学性质”为例

介绍了“乙炔的化学性质”的教学设计思路,展现了如何利用创新实验、丰富素材和问题讨论,帮助学生理解有机物性质和结构之间的关系。主要涉及以下几个环节:(1)通过课前自主预习,从乙炔与乙烯的相似性入手,预测乙炔的性质,了解乙炔的实验室制法;(2)结合2个创新分组实验“基于井穴板的微型化气体连续制备和性质检验装置”“利用真空输液瓶、微型样品瓶和注射器的密闭气体微型反应装置”,教师和学生一起巩固了乙炔的实验室制法,验证了预测的化学性质,丰富了对乙炔性质的感性认知,发现了“乙炔不能使酸性K₂Cr₂O₇溶液褪色”的异常现象;(3)从尝试解释异常现象入手,教师和学生一起从键能、加成比例、聚合后主链结构等多个角度探讨了乙炔与乙烯性质和结构的差异,建立起有机物官能团与性质关系的认知模型;(4)通过尝试利用模型解释2000年诺贝尔化学奖“导电高分子”和2017年度国家自然科学成果一等奖“AIE聚集诱导发光材料” 的结构、性质与应用,教师和学生一起提升了对认知模型的理解建构,感悟了科学研究的乐趣,体会化学科学在促进人类文明发展和社会进步中的重要作用。     

“宏观辨识与微观探析”视域下的初中化学教学*——中和反应

在“宏观辨识与微观探析”视域下进行中和反应教学,首先以常规实验为载体,从宏观视角认识中和反应的外在表现,然后以模型、动画为载体,从微观视角了解中和反应的微观过程,再以数字化实验为载体,从宏观与微观相结合的视角理解中和反应的内在本质,最后联系生产生活实际,体验中和反应的应用价值。这样设计,学生能深刻理解中和反应的本质,增进化学学科理解,培养化学学科核心素养。     

Janus 粒子在环境检测领域中的应用

Janus 粒子,也称为阴阳结构粒子或两面性非对称粒子,是指表面上具有两种或两种以上不同化学组成或性质的不对称粒子。目前,Janus 粒子因其独特的结构和功能已经逐渐成为生物医药、催化、材料以及防污等领域中的新型功能材料。在环境检测领域,Janus材料亦因其特殊的光学、磁学及电学性能,为提高检测灵敏度、选择性和稳定性等提供了新的研究方向。基于此,本文主要讨论了Janus材料在环境检测方面的特点、优势和相关应用。最后,本文基于本课题组的研究经验以及工作中所面临的问题,对本领域的发展和未来的研究方向提出了展望,以期对本领域的未来发展提供指导。     

Hardness and slip systems of orthorhombic hen egg-white lysozyme crystals

Hardness and slip systems by an indentation method were investigated on different habit planes of orthorhombic hen egg-white lysozyme (O-HEWL) crystals containing water. A dependence of the hardness on the water-evaporation time exhibits three stages as incubation, transition and saturated ones, as tetragonal (T)-HEWL crystals reported previously. The hardness values of (1 1 0), (0 1 0) and (0 1 1) habit planes of O-HEWL in the incubation stage or wet condition exhibits 6, 8 and 10 MPa, respectively. The hardness depends on indented planes but it is independent of the air-humidity and crystal volumes. These values correspond to the intrinsic hardness for O-HEWL crystals containing water. In the incubation stage, the slip traces are clearly observed around the indentation mark and the corresponding six kinds of slip systems are identified to be {0 1 1}<1 0 0>, {1 1 0}<1 1 0>, {0 1 1}<0 1 1>, {1 1 0}<0 0 1>, {1 0 0}<0 0 1> and {0 1 0}<0 0 1>.