面向DNA甲基化修饰分析的质谱技术

DNA甲基化作为表观遗传修饰中一种重要的调控方式,通过调控基因的表达,从而影响机体内一系列的生物学过程。色谱-质谱法是研究DNA甲基化修饰的重要研究手段。随着对哺乳动物DNA甲基化的生物学功能的深入研究,应用于研究表观遗传修饰的手段与仪器设备越来越先进。为了对DNA修饰进行定性与定量的分析检测,除了高效液相色谱整合不同种类质量分析器的质谱联用（HPLC-MS）技术外,目前还开发应用了基质辅助激光解析质谱技术（MALDI-ToF-MS）和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,从而极大拓展了DNA甲基化修饰研究的手段。本文对分析表观遗传DNA甲基化修饰的质谱技术发展进行综述,希望为DNA甲基化修饰分析提供有价值的研究策略。     

乳腺癌Jab1蛋白调控Nov基因的表达受甲基化水平影响

为探讨癌基因Jab1在乳腺癌发生发展中的功能,首先在乳腺癌细胞MDA231中建立了慢病毒介导的Jab1基因的表达干扰系统,并通过人基因表达谱芯片分析结果以及实时定量PCR实验筛选出受Jab1调控的下游基因;此外,通过实时定量PCR以及Western blot实验证实Jab1干扰表达能降低Nov基因在转录和翻译水平表达,而且Nov启动子区域存在4个高甲基化CpG位点.进一步使用甲基转移酶抑制剂处理Jab1干扰表达细胞,发现与未使用抑制剂处理细胞相比,Nov基因的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平发生明显上调,说明Jab1基因调控Nov表达受甲基化水平的影响,提示Jab1可能是通过表观遗传学水平调控Nov基因的表达.     

裂解色谱法甲基化试剂碱性对多不饱和脂肪酸降解和异构化的影响

采用最佳比例裂解甲基化试剂,消除了强碱性甲基化试剂对油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸降解和异构化作用的影响。考察了不同比例甲基化试剂的碱性对多不饱和脂肪酸降解和异构化的程度。     

裂解甲基化气相色谱法区别不产色分支杆菌菌群的研究

应用新的气相色谱技术──裂解甲基化法解析了不产色分支杆菌菌群的细胞脂类组分,结果表明,这个方法能对该群７种细菌进行特异性区分。其特点是在高温裂解的瞬间完成酯化反应,长链大分子的支菌酸（５０～８０个碳原子）断裂成脂肪酸碎片Ｃ＿（２４：０）和Ｃ＿（２６：０）流出。裂解甲基化法分析快捷,谱图重现性好,具有推广应用的价值。     

NaBr／KZSM—5催化剂上甲苯甲烷氧化甲基化制苯乙烯和乙苯

在常压固定床连续流动不锈钢反应装置上,对ＮａＢｒ／ＫＺＳＭ－５催化剂系统考察了ＮａＢｒ负载量、反应温度、接触时间对甲苯的转化率、Ｃ８化合物的选择性、Ｃ８化合物的收率的影响。同时,通过吸附ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和吸附甲酸－ＴＰＤ对催化剂表面的酸、碱强度及酸、碱量进行了研究。结果发现,ＮａＢｒ负载量、反应条件对反应影响很大,且有一最佳值,同时,通过对催化剂酸、碱考察,发现ＮａＢｒ／ＫＺＳＭ－５催化剂,其中等强度的碱中心和较弱的酸中心的合理匹配是催化剂的活性中心     

Evidence supporting the presence of dissolved dimethylarsinate in the marine environment

Experiments have been carried out to test the commonly held belief that the dissolved dimethylarsenic species present in marine waters is dimethylarsinate. By employing a novel combination of HPLC and cryogenic‐trap hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG AA), the sensitivity limitations of conventional in‐line HPLC instrumentation can be overcome, permitting dimethylarsinate to be measured by HPLC at levels below 200 pg cm⁻³. A comparison of results obtained by this procedure with those obtained by direct cryogenic‐trap HG AA demonstrated that much of the dissolved dimethylarsenic present in the mouth of the Beaulieu River estuary (Hampshire, UK) had HPLC retention characteristics consistent with the presence of dimethylarsinate. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Speciation of volatile mercury species present in digester and deposit gases

Volatile mercury compounds have been speciated in gases evolved from fermentation of sewage sludge as well as municipal waste. The species were trapped by sequential sampling, using a noble‐metal trap in series with an activated‐carbon trap. Thermally desorbed Hg⁰ and (CH₃)₂Hg were separated by GC at 70 °C and detected by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy after thermal reduction. The amounts of mercury detected in the sewage gas correspond to concentrations in the range 50–110 ng m⁻³ for both species whereas the deposit gases were found to contain only elemental mercury. Monomethylmercury species could not be positively identified in any of the gas samples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical agents for binding post-translationally methylated lysines and arginines

Post-translational methylation, discovered more than half a century ago, encodes information in the form of a structural modification on a peptide or protein. The addition of a CH₃ group is one of the most subtle covalent modifications that exist in biology. In spite of this, recent years have revealed the many profound functional effects that arise from protein methylation in the cell. In an effort to open the doors to new assays and detection methods that would enable new basic and applied research into methylation pathways, chemical agents that can recognise and bind to methylated sites are now being pursued. In this review, we describe the supramolecular approaches to the recognition of methylated amino acids, peptides and proteins that have arisen in the last few years.     

DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂DAC对AcMNPV感染的影响

通过DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂DAC(地西他滨,decitabine)改变DNA甲基化水平,研究杆状病毒苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)DNA的甲基化与病毒复制和基因表达调控的关系。通过流式细胞术和病毒mRNA的Real-time PCR检测发现,低浓度DAC(30nmol/L)处理细胞后会使报告基因绿色荧光蛋白基因(Green fluorescent protein gene,gfp)的表达提前,且表达水平明显上升。对低浓度DAC处理组和对照组产生的病毒效价监控表明,低浓度DAC的存在可以提高病毒的效价。经连续DAC处理,在第六代细胞中生产的AcMNPV多角体感染甜菜夜蛾后,幼虫死亡率明显高于对照组。这些结果表明,DAC对杆状病毒DNA复制和基因表达具有一定作用。