环境因子对滇西北地区植物多样性分布格局的影响

利用一元回归分析和偏回归分析,探讨了滇西北地区温、热带植物的分布格局及其控制因素.结果表明,温带植物多样性的高值主要出现在研究区域北部,而热带植物多样性则未呈现明显的纬度趋势.热带植物比重高值主要出现在研究区域南部,而温带植物比重高值主要出现在北部.生境异质性对温带植物多样性的解释率明显高于对热带植物多样性的解释率.这意味着,生境异质性对多样性格局的影响力可能在一定程度上取决于植物的生物地理分布区性质.气候因子对温、热带植物比重的解释率明显高于对温、热植物多样性的解释率.相比气候因子与温、热带植物多样性的关系,气候因子与温、热带植物比重之间关系可能更能反映滇西北地区温、热带植物的生态位保守性.     

古潜山油藏裂缝性储层的测井评价

古潜山裂缝性储层具有复杂的储集空间和储层非均质性 ,对缝洞发育程度的评价在储层性能的评价中起着至关重要的作用。以岩心分析资料为基础 ,将地层微电阻率扫描成像测井 (FMI)、常规测井与地质理论相结合 ,对研究区的十几口井进行了详细的裂缝识别 ,对地层岩性特征、构造特征与地应力进行了分析。分析结果表明 ,该区裂缝及溶蚀孔洞发育程度从南到北、从构造高部位向东、西两翼的构造低部位逐渐变差 ,最大主应力方向基本为北东东南西西 ,古应力的方向基本为北东南西。该方法的解释结果与地质情况吻合较好。     

不同放牧梯度上草原群落空间异质性的比较研究

以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原为研究对象,利用幂函数法则定量地分析在轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧3种不同利用方式下,群落的物种组成、物种多样性、群落空间异质性等群落特征。结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,群落组成结构改变,群落丰富度逐渐降低,轻牧＞中牧＞重牧;不同放牧梯度上,各物种种群在实际分布上均具有较强的空间异质性,即偏离随机分布呈现集中分布趋势;不同放牧梯度上,群落总体空间异质性指数变化规律为轻牧=重牧＞中牧,均匀度指数的变化规律为中牧＞轻牧＞重牧。     

华北落叶松冠层光合生理特性的空间异质性

【目的】森林生产力取决于树冠的整体光合能力,而树冠不同部位的光合作用具有差异性。深入了解华北落叶松冠层内光合作用的差异,为冠层水平模拟和准确估算森林生产力提供依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合仪对山西省太岳山20年生和40年生华北落叶松不同层次和不同方位的光合生理特性进行研究。【结果】20年生华北落叶松树冠中上层与下层的净光合速率(P_n)差异显著(P<0.05),而不同方位上的P_n差异不显著; 40年生华北落叶松树冠上、中、下3个层次的P_n差异显著(P<0.05),不同方位上的P_n差异也不显著。影响20年生华北落叶松树冠P_n的主要因子是羧化效率(V_c)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r); 影响40年生华北落叶松树冠P_n的主要因子是V_c、气孔导度(G_s)、水汽压亏缺(p_VPD)。20年生和40年生华北落叶松树冠不同层次、不同方位叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量差异不显著。【结论】冠层光合空间异质性是冠层水平模拟和估算森林生产力时必须考虑的因素,这对于从单木到林分的尺度推演和模型拟合具有重要的意义。     

长庆靖边下古生界气藏储层非均质性研究

针对长庆靖边下古生界气藏的储层非均性问题,采用地层系数非均质概率统计分析方法,结合试井分析认识,对储层非均质性进行定量描述和深入评价,并对储层非均质与压力传播速度的关系进行了研究。结果表明,地层系数变异系数、级差以及均方差均表明储层渗透率非均质非常严重;储层渗透率越高,压力传播越快,压力响应越大,随着孔隙度增加,压力传播速度减少。这类问题的解决具有实际意义,能够直接指导气田开发层位的选定和并网调整。     

纤维素纤维及薄膜动态粘弹性及其不连续非常态行为

详细考察了三种再生纤维素样品在宽广温度范围内（－１５０￣３５０℃）的粘弹性能。实验结果表明,在该温度范围内,三种再生纤维素均出现了ａ１、ａ２、ａｓｈ、ａ３、β和γ松弛等多转变。从这些转变的特征值分析,三种样品在结构上存在较大差异。样品ＲＡＹ有较低的结晶度,在晶区内和无定形区域内存在较高的结构不均匀性;样品ＮＥＷ的结晶度较高,在晶区和无定区内存在较高的结构均匀性,而样品ＢＥＮ的超分子结构介于这两者之     

New symmetric azomethinic dimer: the influence of structural heterogeneity on the liquid crystalline behaviour

The paper deals with the study of the thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of a new azomethinic symmetric dimer and some of its structural heterogeneous mixtures with one of its reagents. Their thermotropic behaviour was monitored by polarised light microscopy, differential scanning microscopy and variable temperature X-ray diffraction measurements. The influence of the structural heterogeneity on the mesomorphic behaviour was established and some similarities with the mesomorphic behaviour of the polydisperse polymers were underlined.     

Determination of total heterogeneity and fractal dimensions of high-temperature superconductors

Using thermo-analytical and sorptometric methods physicochemical properties and especially surface heterogeneity of HgBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O₈₊, (Hg-1223) was investigated. The desorption energy distribution was derived from mass loss Q-TG and differential mass loss Q-DTG curves of thermodesorption in quasi-isothermal conditions of pre-adsorbed n-octane and water vapour. It is shown that the superconducting Hg-1223 phase is highly sensitive to water vapours. The mechanism of water adsorption depends largely on the activation time. By water vapour saturation in a period of 90 min, physisorption takes place. Prolonged periods result in a chemical decomposition. From nitrogen ad- and desorption isotherms the fractal dimension of superconductors were calculated. A new approach is proposed to calculate fractal dimension from Q-TG curves.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

IR study of heterogeneity of OH groups in zeolite HY-splitting of OH and OD bands

We have been studying the problem of heterogeneity of OH groups in zeolites HY for a long time. The heterogeneity was suggested by the shift of the IR band of OH groups restoring upon ammonia desorption and also by the fact that the band of OH groups forming hydrogen bonds was relatively broad (broader than for homogeneous acidic OH). In the present study we present another important argument for heterogeneity: the splitting of the IR band of free OH and OD groups in a zeolite of Si/Al=8.3 dealuminated by (NH₄)₂SiF₆ treatment. Such a splitting is the best seen in low temperature spectra of OD groups. We found less acidic 3640 cm⁻¹ (AlO)(SiO)₂SiO₁HAl(OSi)₃ and more acidic 3625 cm⁻¹ (SiO)₃SiO₁HAl(OSi)₃ groups. The presence of these two kinds of hydroxyls corresponds to the presence of Si(2Al) and Si(1Al), respectively, detected in ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra. We also found a small amount of strongly acidic 3599 cm⁻¹ hydroxyls interacting with extraframework Al species.