乳腺癌治疗研究进展

 乳腺癌为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,是严重影响女性身心健康的重要疾病。近年来,乳腺癌的治疗取得长足进步,在早期乳腺癌的保留乳房和保腋窝治疗等方面获得里程碑式的突破。本文综述不同病期乳腺癌治疗的最新进展。     

Isolation of circulating tumor cells under hydrodynamic loading using microfluidic technology(基于微流控技术在流体动力载荷下分离循环肿瘤细胞)

在世界范围内, 癌症的死亡率仍在逐年上升. 循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells, CTCs) 是指从原发肿瘤脱落并进入血液循环系统的细胞, 可能引发肿瘤转移并入侵其他正常组织和器官. 因此, CTCs 的检测结果可以作为癌症病人疗效和预后的评价指标. 但是CTCs 的数量及其稀少, 使得CTCs 的检测尤为困难. 在癌症转移的病人中, 每毫升血液约含有10-100 个CTCs. 利用经生物活性材料表面修饰的微流控器件, 可以从血液中分离出CTCs. 这是一项跨学科的挑战, 需要来自不同学科背景的专家们共同参与, 如细胞生物学、表面化学、流体力学及微纳加工技术等. 该文首先介绍了CTCs 的细胞生物学基础, 然后总结了当前分离CTCs 的主要微流控技术, 包括基于细胞-- 配体作用、磁力作用和过滤等, 最后综述了基于微流控技术的CTC 检测和计数、在体CTC 成像等最新研究进展.      

Anti-Cancer Effects of Zotarolimus Combined with 5-Fluorouracil Treatment in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer-Bearing BALB/c Nude Mice

Zotarolimus is a semi-synthetic derivative of rapamycin and an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Currently, zotarolimus is used to prolong the survival time of organ grafts, but it is also a novel immunosuppressive agent with potent anti-proliferative activity. Here, we examine the anti-tumor effect of zotarolimus, alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil, on HCT-116 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells implanted in BALB/c nude mice. Compared with the control mice, mice treated with zotarolimus or zotarolimus combined with 5-FU showed retarded tumor growth; increased tumor apoptosis through the enhanced expression of cleaved caspase 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation; reduced inflammation-related factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein; and inhibited metastasis-related factors such as CD44, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Notably, mice treated with a combination of zotarolimus and 5-FU showed significantly retarded tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and increased tumor inhibition compared with mice treated with 5-FU or zotarolimus alone, indicating a strong synergistic effect. This in vivo study confirms that zotarolimus or zotarolimus combined with 5-FU can be used to retard colorectal adenocarcinoma growth and inhibit tumorigenesis. Our results suggest that zotarolimus may increase the chemo-sensitization of tumor cells. Therefore, zotarolimus alone and zotarolimus combined with 5-FU may be potential anti-tumor agents in the treatment of human colon adenocarcinoma. Future research on zotarolimus may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.     

细胞粘附位点RGD三肽脂质体的制备及表征

对RGD（Arg-Gly-Asp）三肽脂质体载药剂型进行研究, 确定了薄膜超声法制备脂质 体的路线. 电子显微镜观察表明, 脂质体粒径均匀, 为100 nm右, 属于小单室脂质体. 脂质体中RGD量为2.4~2.5 mg/mL, 包封率达到70%. 脂质体稳定性较好, 而且具备pH 5.4~6.0的靶向性, 可能成为具有较好肿瘤细胞靶向性的脂质体制剂.     

整合素在肝癌细胞侵袭和转移中的作用

癌细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的粘附是恶性肿瘤侵袭首要步骤。肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质的粘附是通过细胞膜表达的特异受体介导的，其中整合素家族为重要的粘附分子。对整合素表达相关的细胞外基质的介绍及肝癌细胞侵袭与转移中整合素研究的综述，可了解相关的整合素所介导肝癌细胞与细胞外基质、肝癌细胞之间的相互作用。文中提及肝癌细胞趋化运动中相关的整合素，有助于进一步了解整合素在肝癌侵袭与转移中的作用。整合素参与了整个肝癌细胞的侵袭转移过程，寻找出干扰整合素与配体相互作用、特异性增加或减少整合素在肿瘤中的表达的物质，从而阻断肿瘤的侵袭与转移，对抗癌药物的研究有着深远的影响。     

近端胃癌预后分析

目的 :研究近端胃癌淋巴结转移数目与预后的关系。方法 :行D2 或D3 术式的近端胃癌标本 ,全数摘取淋巴结 ,比较全胃切除和近端胃切除淋巴结切除数目 ,按 1997年修订的 5thTNM分期判断预后。结果 :32例共取淋巴结 2 0 15枚 ,平均 6 3枚 /例。近端胃切除 5 7枚 /例 ,全胃切除 70枚 /例。按新的分期 ,N1、N2 、N3 病例的 5年生存率分别为 36 .46 %、11.0 5 %、0。结论 :随着癌肿侵犯范围的扩大 ,必须扩大淋巴结切除范围 ,新的定量N分期优于旧的定性N分期     

小动物活体生物发光成像技术在肿瘤转移研究中的应用

建立小动物活体生物发光成像技术,研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)抑制小鼠B16恶性黑色素瘤的肺转移作用的方法,比较活体生物发光成像技术与常规动物实验技术的优劣性;并探讨As2O3抗小鼠恶性黑色素瘤肺转移的可能机制。结果表明,活体生物发光成像技术可以非侵袭性地动态监测黑色素瘤B16细胞在小鼠肺部的转移过程以及评估As2O3的体内抑制B16肺转移的作用,且活体生物发光成像技术的检测灵敏度优于传统肺转移瘤结节计数技术;As2O3主要通过减低肿瘤新生血管形成、促使肿瘤组织坏死而发挥抗小鼠黑色素瘤肺转移的作用。     

MR-DWI成像预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴转移的价值

本研究探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(MR-DWI)评估乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移的价值。回顾性选取乳腺癌患者68例(观察组),同时选取乳腺良性病变患者60例作为对照组,比较两组MR-DWI差异。观察组弥漫高信号、混杂高信号比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病灶ADC值明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组Ⅲ期病灶ADC值明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期(P<0.05);观察组腋窝淋巴结转移ADC值明显低于无淋巴结转移(P<0.05);弥漫高信号和其他信号组织ADC值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ADC值预测腋窝淋巴结转移的ROC曲线下面积为0.752,P<0.05。MR-DWI在乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移诊断应用价值较好,值得临床使用。     

影响胃癌根治术后复发转移的因素

目的探讨影响胃癌根治术后复发转移的因素。方法回顾性分析302例胃癌患者根治术后肿瘤复发转移的情况,并采用Logistlc进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果本组患者根治术后复发转移率为45．4％,术后2年内复发转移率73．7％,2-5年复发转移率21．％,5年后复发转移率4．4％;单一复发转移占83．2％,多部位复发转移占16．8％。单因素分析显示胃癌根治术后复发转移与肿瘤大小、原发灶部位、癌细胞分化程度、大体分型、癌细胞浸润深度、辅助化疗、术后病理、TNM分期有关,经过多因素回归分析后显示肿瘤大小、辅助化疗、TNN分期为胃癌根治术后复发转移的独立因素。结论胃癌根治术后复发转移大部分在术后2年内,以单一复发转移为主;肿瘤大小、1NM分期及辅助化疗为胃癌根治术后复发转移的独立影响因素。     

Cancer Niches and Their Kikuchi Free Energy

Biological forms depend on a progressive specialization of pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of these cells in their spatial and functional environment defines the organism itself; however, cellular mutations may disrupt the mutual balance between a cell and its niche, where cell proliferation and specialization are released from their autopoietic homeostasis. This induces the construction of cancer niches and maintains their survival. In this paper, we characterise cancer niche construction as a direct consequence of interactions between clusters of cancer and healthy cells. Explicitly, we evaluate these higher-order interactions between niches of cancer and healthy cells using Kikuchi approximations to the free energy. Kikuchi’s free energy is measured in terms of changes to the sum of energies of baseline clusters of cells (or nodes) minus the energies of overcounted cluster intersections (and interactions of interactions, etc.). We posit that these changes in energy node clusters correspond to a long-term reduction in the complexity of the system conducive to cancer niche survival. We validate this formulation through numerical simulations of apoptosis, local cancer growth, and metastasis, and highlight its implications for a computational understanding of the etiopathology of cancer.