煤炭矿区植被冠层光谱土地复垦敏感性分析

煤矿区土地复垦及复垦监测工作,对于我国土地利用和生态环境治理具有重要意义。微生物复垦技术能够促进植物吸收利用矿质养分和水分,增强土壤肥力,对矿区生态恢复具有显著作用。监测和评价土地复垦效应对植物生长影响的传统方法,通常采用野外采集植物和土壤样本并进行室内分析,但这些方法不仅破坏植物根系原状土壤,造成植株损伤,而且耗费人力、物力,时效性差。高光谱遥感技术具有数据获取速度快、信息量大、精度高且无须离体破坏植株等优点,对于土地复垦监测有非常大的潜力。目前,土地复垦效应遥感监测相关研究仍以观测盆栽大豆、玉米等作物的叶片光谱分析为主。实际上,卫星遥感数据观测到的是冠层光谱,并非叶片光谱,但目前还没有通过植被冠层光谱对矿区土地复垦进行监测的研究成果出现。植被冠层光谱不仅受到叶片光谱的影响,还受到植株长势、下垫面等其他因素的影响,光谱特征变化更为复杂。矿区植被冠层光谱特征对于土地复垦效应的敏感度分析,是对矿区植被理化参量进行定量反演的基础,也是限制高光谱技术应用于大面积土地复垦监测的主要瓶颈。于煤炭矿区土地复垦实验基地开展野外冠层光谱观测实验,获取了接菌组和对照组野外植株冠层光谱数据,并从光谱波形变化和光谱特征参量变化两方面综合分析了植被冠层光谱对土地复垦的敏感性。冠层光谱波形方面,分别采用标准差和光谱敏感度作为组内和组间光谱波形差异的有效指标;冠层光谱特征参量方面,选取了植被红边、黄边、蓝边、绿峰、红谷等典型光谱特征,计算获取其位置、斜率、面积等特征参量,并通过描述性统计和单因素方差分析研究了这些冠层光谱特征参量对土地复垦效应的敏感性,挑选出矿区土地复垦监测的有效特征参量。研究表明,接菌组和对照组冠层光谱的主要波形变化趋势一致,但接菌组植株的生长状况更稳定,不同植株之间差异较小,且绿峰和红谷两个特征更突出。这说明土地复垦能够减少植株间冠层光谱差异,增强植被典型光谱特征,而绿峰和红谷对土地复垦有较高的光谱敏感度。光谱特征参量方面,绿峰、红谷、红边波长在土地复垦作用下显著向长波方向移动,而此前叶片光谱研究中对土地复垦较敏感的红边、蓝边斜率变化并不显著。这说明,野外植被冠层光谱分析结果与实验室植被叶片光谱分析的结果并不完全一致,这可能和植被类型、生长周期、土壤背景光谱干扰等因素相关。在采用卫星或航拍遥感数据进行矿区植被环境监测时,所获取的都是植被冠层光谱,因此本研究所得到的结论具有更强的参考意义和实际应用价值。     

Pattern recognition and data mining software based on artificial neural networks applied to proton transfer in aqueous environments

In computational physics proton transfer phenomena could be viewed as pattern classification problems based on a set of input features allowing classification of the proton motion into two categories： transfer ＇occurred＇ and transfer ＇not occurred＇. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks in the classification of proton transfer events, based on the feed-forward back propagation neural network, used as a classifier to distinguish between the two transfer cases. In this paper, we use a new developed data mining and pattern recognition tool for automating, controlling, and drawing charts of the output data of an Empirical Valence Bond existing code. The study analyzes the need for pattern recognition in aqueous proton transfer processes and how the learning approach in error back propagation （multilayer perceptron algorithms） could be satisfactorily employed in the present case. We present a tool for pattern recognition and validate the code including a real physical case study. The results of applying the artificial neural networks methodology to crowd patterns based upon selected physical properties （e.g., temperature, density） show the abilities of the network to learn proton transfer patterns corresponding to properties of the aqueous environments, which is in turn proved to be fully compatible with previous proton transfer studies.     

Knowledge Discovery from Medical Data and Development of an Expert System in Immunology

Artificial intelligence is one of the fastest-developing areas of science that covers a remarkably wide range of problems to be solved. It has found practical application in many areas of human activity, also in medicine. One of the directions of cooperation between computer science and medicine is to assist in diagnosing and proposing treatment methods with the use of IT tools. This study is the result of collaboration with the Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, from where a database containing information about patients suffering from Bruton’s disease was made available. This is a rare disorder, difficult to detect in the first months of life. It is estimated that one in 70,000 to 90,000 children will develop Bruton’s disease. But even these few cases need detailed attention from doctors. Based on the data contained in the database, data mining was performed. During this process, knowledge was discovered that was presented in a way that is understandable to the user, in the form of decision trees. The best models obtained were used for the implementation of expert systems. Based on the data introduced by the user, the system conducts expertise and determines the severity of the course of the disease or the severity of the mutation. The CLIPS language was used for developing the expert system. Then, using this language, software was developed producing six expert systems. In the next step, experimental verification was performed, which confirmed the correctness of the developed systems.     

Status Set Sequential Pattern Mining Considering Time Windows and Periodic Analysis of Patterns

The traditional sequential pattern mining method is carried out considering the whole time period and often ignores the sequential patterns that only occur in local time windows, as well as possible periodicity. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods, this paper proposes status set sequential pattern mining with time windows (SSPMTW). In contrast to traditional methods, the item status is considered, and time windows, minimum confidence, minimum coverage, minimum factor set ratios and other constraints are added to mine more valuable rules in local time windows. The periodicity of these rules is also analyzed. According to the proposed method, this paper improves the Apriori algorithm, proposes the TW-Apriori algorithm, and explains the basic idea of the algorithm. Then, the feasibility, validity and efficiency of the proposed method and algorithm are verified by small-scale and large-scale examples. In a large-scale numerical example solution, the influence of various constraints on the mining results is analyzed. Finally, the solution results of SSPM and SSPMTW are compared and analyzed, and it is suggested that SSPMTW can excavate the laws existing in local time windows and analyze the periodicity of the laws, which solves the problem of SSPM ignoring the laws existing in local time windows and overcomes the limitations of traditional sequential pattern mining algorithms. In addition, the rules mined by SSPMTW reduce the entropy of the system.     

典型煤的近红外反射光谱特征的方向性研究

高光谱遥感是煤矿区探测的有效方法,对于煤炭资源调查、矿区环境监测等具有重要意义,其中煤、矸石、植被、水体等被遥测物各个方向的反射光谱特征是煤矿高光谱遥感的基础,为此有必要针对典型煤的方向反射光谱特征进行研究.从我国不同矿区收集了无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤三大类煤中的4种典型煤样,4种煤样按煤阶由高到低顺序包括无烟煤一号、贫煤、...     

运用电刷镀技术修复采掘设备浅析

简要介绍了电刷镀技术的原理以及刷镀的一般工艺过程,通过应用实例说明了该技术在煤矿机械设备修理中的应用.     

国外元搜索引擎评价研究综述

阐述了元搜索引擎研究评价的必要性,总结和分析了国外元搜索引擎的评价研究现状,对元搜索引擎提出了一些建议.     

Enhancing site style tree construction algorithm

The World Wide Web has become a global information service center with a vast amount of news, advertisements, product and service information, and disparate information from diversified sources. However, only a small portion of information is truly relevant and useful to the users who are seeking information on specific topics. In this paper, common relations among nodes are taken into consideration when constructing site style tree, and a new node type is introduced. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher precision and recall.      

如何搞好采区机电管理工作

从设备管理,供电管理,压风、压水、排水系统管理3个方面阐述了如何做好煤矿采区机电管理的问题.     

数据挖掘技术及其在营销中的应用

对数据挖掘这一新兴数据分析技术进行了综述 ,阐述了数据挖掘产生的背景及其定义、任务和过程 ,论述了几种常用的数据挖掘算法 ,并给出了数据挖掘技术在营销中的应用实例 .