元语用意识凸显与语内语用失误规避

目前,国内对于语用失误的研究主要集中在跨文化语用失误上,呈现出一种轻语内、重语际的态势,而语用失误的研究是必需把语内语用失误包括在内的。旨在从规避的角度探讨语内语用失误。分别对同一母语不同文化背景交际中产生的语用失误及同一母语同一文化交际中出现的语用失误进行探讨。在形式上对语内语用失误进行归类,并阐述了元语用意识凸显及动态语境顺应在语内语用失误的规避中所起到的积极作用。得出结论,交际中可通过对工具性元语用意识成分的调整来避免语内语用失误的产生。     

基于乌鸦搜索算法的新型特征选择算法

基于元启发式算法--乌鸦搜索算法（CrSA）, 提出一种改进的基于乌鸦搜索算法的特征选择算法（IFSCrSA）, 以解决目前特征选择问题中存在的不足. 通过与传统的机器学习特征选择算法和基于进化计算的特征选择算法进行比较, 结果表明, IFSCrSA能在数据集中选择辨识度较强的特征, 不仅大幅度降低了特征子集的规模, 而且提高了分类准确率.     

一种改进的元搜索排序合成算法

搜索结果的合成是元搜索引擎系统中一个重要的技术问题。为了提高元搜索引擎的查询精度,提出了一种改进的元搜索结果合成算法。通过分析搜索结果列表中包含的文本信息,综合考虑搜索结果与查询的匹配完全程度和相关程度给出了文本分析的规范化方法,并结合搜索结果的排序信息计算文档的相关分值,据此实现对局部相似度的调整。利用成员搜索引擎的性能评价,提出了改进的影子文档方法估算非相关文档的相关分值。然后,采用基于群决策的合成方法对搜索结果进行一致性排序。在实际Web环境中进行了测试,实验结果表明采用本算法,搜索结果的相关性比Round-robin、CombSum和CombMNZ三种合成算法有较大提高。     

The specific surface area and catalytic properties of the calcination products of δ-FeOOD

The effect of calcination temperature on the structure, specific area and catalytic activity of samples obtained from -FeOOH and -FeOOD was studied. It was found that, as a result of dehydratation, the samples differ mainly in specific surface area and in their catalytic properties.

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Spezifische Oberfläche und katalytische Eigenschaften der Calcinierungsprodukte von -FeOOD

Zusammenfassung Der Effekt der Calcinierungstemperatur auf die Eigenschaften von Proben aus -FeOOH und -FeOOD wurde untersucht. Die dehydratisierten Produkte unterschieden sich—bei sehr ähnlichen Strukturen—hauptsächlich bezüglich spezifischer Oberfläche und katalytischer Aktivität.

     

含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮的结晶与晶体结构研究

通过差示扫描法（ＤＳＣ）及广角Ｘ 射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）技术研究了含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮（ＰＥＫｍＫ）的结晶行为与晶体结构．Ｘ 射线结果表明，从熔融态及玻璃态结晶时，ＰＥＫｍＫ只有一种晶型，其晶胞参数为：ａ＝０７６７２ｎｍ，ｂ＝０６１４９ｎｍ，ｃ＝１５９９ｎｍ．ＤＳＣ结果表明，ＰＥＫｍＫ热分析曲线都出现了熔融双峰，低熔融峰（ＤＯＷｎ）热焓占总热焓４～７％，它源于初始结晶形成的同一晶型不同厚度片晶．低熔融峰在２５０℃以上结晶转化成高熔融峰（Ｉ），ＰＥＫｍＫ平衡熔点为２９５℃     

基于XML的数字图书馆信息组织

结合数字图书馆信息资源特征,分析了XML技术优势,引入了基于XML的信息组织平台,探讨了用XML描述丰富的信息资源和元数据转换机制。     

Unnatural parity states of helium with screened Coulomb potentials

Effect of screened Coulomb (Yukawa) potentials on the doubly excited meta‐stable bound states and the resonance states with unnatural parities of the helium atom have been investigated in the framework of stabilization method using CI‐type basis functions. A total of 54 resonances (6 each of ¹D^o and ³D^o states, 12 each of ¹F^e and ³F^e states, 9 each of ¹G^o and ³G^o states) below the He⁺(3P) thresholds have been estimated by calculating the density of resonance states using a stabilization method. The resonances belong to the different 3lnl′ (n ≥ 3) series. We have also calculated the doubly excited ^1,3F^e and ^1,3G^o meta‐stable bound states of He atom below the He⁺ (2P) thresholds. The resonance energies and widths along with the meta‐stable bound states energies are reported for various screening parameters. In free atom case, some of the F‐wave resonance states and most of the cases, F‐ and G‐wave resonance widths are reported for the first time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008     

Synthesis and characterization of low bandgap copolymers based on indenofluorene and thiophene derivative

A series of low band gap, highly soluble alternating conjugated copolymers, comprised of 11,11,12,12‐tetrahexylindenofluorene and thiophene derivatives ( P1‐P4 ), were synthesized via Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with very good yields. Described here are the synthesis, thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of these new copolymers as potential new active materials for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. P1 and P2 have electron donating non‐π‐substituents with ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy bridging the 3,3 positions of the cyclopentadithiophene groups; whereas P3 and P4 have electron withdrawing π‐substituents (carbonyl and pyrazine groups on P3 and P4 , respectively). For the main absorptions in UV‐vis spectrum, P1 and P2 displayed more red absorptions in comparison with P3 and P4 . Nevertheless, much suppressed quantum yields are exhibited by P3 and P4 . The behaviors of P3 can be attributed to the significant charge transfer interactions between the π‐substituents and the conjugated polymer backbone that leads to a less allowed optical transition between the ground and the lowest excited state. For P4 , the weak fluoresence might associate with energy transfer from indenofluorene to the low band gap thiophene‐pyrazinethiophene‐thiophene (T‐PT‐T) unit. In comparison with the corresponding polymers containing fluorene instead of indenofluorene, the use of indenofluorene exhibited mixed effects on the optical properties and improved solubility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5044–5056, 2009     

Synthesis,structure, and optical properties of an alternating calix[4]arene‐based meta‐linked phenylene ethynylene copolymer

Novel alternating copolymers comprising bis‐ calix[4]arene‐p‐phenylene ethynylene and m‐phenylene ethynylene units ( CALIX‐m‐PPE ) were synthesized using the Sonogashira‐Hagihara cross‐coupling polymerization. Good isolated yields (60–80%) were achieved for the polymers that show M_n ranging from 1.4 × 10⁴ to 5.1 × 10⁴ gmol^?1 (gel permeation chromatography analysis), depending on specific polymerization conditions. The structural analysis of CALIX‐m‐PPE was performed by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹³C–¹H heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), ¹³C–¹H heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), correlation spectroscopy (COSY), and nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) in addition to Fourier transform‐Infrared spectroscopy and microanalysis allowing its full characterization. Depending on the reaction setup, variable amounts (16–45%) of diyne units were found in polymers although their photophysical properties are essentially the same. It is demonstrated that CALIX‐m‐PPE does not form ground‐ or excited‐state interchain interactions owing to the highly crowded environment of the main‐chain imparted by both calix[4]arene side units which behave as insulators inhibiting main‐chain π–π staking. It was also found that the luminescent properties of CALIX‐m‐PPE are markedly different from those of an all‐p‐linked phenylene ethynylene copolymer ( CALIX‐p‐PPE ) previously reported. The unexpected appearance of a low‐energy emission band at 426 nm, in addition to the locally excited‐state emission (365 nm), together with a quite low fluorescence quantum yield (? = 0.02) and a double‐exponential decay dynamics led to the formulation of an intramolecular exciplex as the new emissive species. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010     

Water soluble poly(ethylene oxide) functionalized norbornene polymers

The synthesis of three different poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers with a norbornene and oxanorbornene end group is presented. The macromonomers were polymerized to comb‐polymers by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs' Catalyst G3 to produce water soluble polymers with polydispersities between 1.04 and 1.30 and molecular weights between 14,000 and 50,000 g/mol. Characterization by static and dynamic light scattering reveals that the comb‐polymers with norbornene backbone are molecularly disperse in aqueous solution, while the oxanorbornene‐backbone polymers form small water‐soluble aggregates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2640–2648, 2008