The Modeling of Velocity Enhancement in Polymer Flooding

In single-phase polymer flooding experiments it has repeatedly been observed that the average velocity of the polymer molecules is higher than the average velocity of the water molecules. This effect is incorporated in many conventional Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) simulators by the introduction of a constant velocity enhancement factor. In this paper we show that, in absence of dispersion, a constant enhancement factor in the mathematical model for two-phase polymer flow (Buckley--Leverett displacement) leads to ill-posedness of the model equations. We propose a saturation dependent enhancement factor, derived from a model based on percolation concepts, for which this problem does not occur.     

氯离子对碳钢在混凝土孔隙液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用重量法、线性伏安扫描法、弱极化法和SEM,研究C l-对碳钢在模拟混凝土孔隙液(饱和Ca(OH)2溶液)中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,高pH值的混凝土孔隙液能减缓氯离子对碳钢的腐蚀;当pH≥13.6时,在NaC l浓度小于3%的混凝土孔隙液中,碳钢表面因生成钝化膜而不被腐蚀;当pH≤9时,混凝土孔隙液中无论是否存在C l-,碳钢均会被腐蚀;当pH=12.5时,混凝土孔隙液中NaC l浓度小于0.05%,碳钢则不被腐蚀;当混凝土孔隙液中的C l-浓度达到临界氯离子浓度时,碳钢表面的钝化膜开始损坏而被腐蚀,碳钢的腐蚀速度随着C l-浓度的增加而增大.     

The effect of gamma irradiation and shelf aging in air on the oxidation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene

This study has investigated the effect of shelf aging, for up to one year in air, on the properties of gamma-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). A variety of techniques were used to characterize the properties of treated samples. Differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) was used to characterize the morphology. The extent of cross-linking in a polymer network was detected by swelling measurements. The durometer hardness test was used to measure the relative hardness of this material, and changes in density were also measured. Results from all these measurements were combined to explain the changes in the microstructure of the aged, irradiated UHMWPE. This study shows that crystallinity is increased with radiation dose and with aging due to chain scission, which leads to a reduction in the molecular weight of the material. This allows the chains to rearrange to form crystalline regions. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy confirms these conclusions. Fractional free volumes have been deduced from lifetime parameters, which correlate with the data obtained by the other techniques.     

Asymmetric responses of international stock markets to trading volume

The major goal of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that stock returns and return volatility are asymmetric, threshold nonlinear, functions of change in trading volume. A minor goal is to examine whether return spillover effects also display such asymmetry. Employing a double-threshold GARCH model with trading volume as a threshold variable, we find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis in five international market return series. Asymmetric causality tests lend further support to our trading volume threshold model and conclusions. Specifically, an increase in volume is positively associated, while decreasing volume is negatively associated, with the major price index in four of the five markets. The volatility of each series also displays an asymmetric reaction, four of the markets display higher volatility following increases in trading volume. Using posterior odds ratio, the proposed threshold model is strongly favored in three of the five markets, compared to a US news double threshold GARCH model and a symmetric GARCH model. We also find significant nonlinear asymmetric return spillover effects from the US market.     

Standardization of Methods for Characterizing the Surface Geometry of Solids

Since a comprehensive survey published in 1999 [1] much work was done in standardizing measuring methods to characterize the surface geometry of dispersed and/or porous solids and to certify reference materials. The present paper is an extension of a short communication [2]. It gives a survey on existing standards and reports on new drafts and proposals.     

UPWIND FINITE VOLUME SCHEMES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

The mathematical model of semiconductor devices is described by the initial boundary value problem of a system of three nonlinear partial differential equations. One equation in elliptic form is for the electrostatic potential; two equations of convection-dominated diffusion type are for the electron and hole concentrations. Finite volume element procedure are put forward for the electrostatic potential, while upwind     

几种常见光源特性的研究

本通过大学物理实验中常用光源特性的分析，说明了实验中光源使用的合理性。