科技工作者心理健康素养现状

 心理健康素养主要指有助于维护和促进心理健康的知识、行为和意识,是影响心理健康的重要因素。为了解科技工作者心理健康素养的现状,2017年,依托全国调查站点对1.3305万名科技工作者进行心理健康知识调查;2018年,依托网络对2531名科技工作者开展了心理健康素养全面调查。调查发现：中国科技工作者的心理健康素养整体状况较好,高于其他职业人群,但是对心理健康知识的掌握不均衡;科技工作者的心理健康素养水平存在一定的群体差异：女性高于男性,25~44岁年龄组高于其他年龄组,学历越高心理健康素养水平也越高,其中硕士和博士最高,高中及中专以下最低。地区差异方面,东部地区最高,东北和西部地区次之,中部地区最低;北京、上海、广州和深圳等一线城市高于其他省会或直辖市、地县级城市。职业差异方面,教学人员最高,专业技术人员次之,卫生技术人员最低。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定蔬菜中13种痕量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定蔬菜中锶、铜、硒、钼、锰、锌、钴、铬、镉、铅、镍、砷和铝等13种痕量元素。对质谱干扰和非质谱干扰进行了校正。13种重金属元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.000 4~1.5μg·L-1之间。方法应用于蔬菜标准物质的分析,测定值与认定值相符。对芦笋样品平行测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差在5.3%~9.6%之间。     

Studies of Mental “Noise”

Successive tests of subjects' performance in reaction time tasks were treated as time series and submitted to spectrum analysis. Rather than revealing the white noise expected by the view that variability is due to random error (equivalent power across frequency), the power spectra revealed colored noise. The slopes of the power spectra did not vary much for tasks differing in memory requirements. Spectrum analysis of time series from the logistic map also showed colored noise in regions on the edge of chaos, showing that the presence of colored noise in cognitive data need not oblige a theoretical account based on a complex, high-dimensional, system.     

因子分析法在农村中学生心理健康综合评价中的应用

运用因子分析的方法对中科院王极盛教授编制的"中国中学生心理健康量表"的总分计算方法进行改进,建立了江西省农村中学生心理健康的综合评价模型,为能准确地评价农村中学生的心理健康提供方法上的支持。     

Effects of Silk Fibroin Enzyme Hydrolysates on Memory and Learning: A Review

Silk protein products have been used for a wide range of applications. This review focuses on the studies conducted relative to cognitive functions with silk fibroin enzyme hydrolysates (FEH) in humans and animals. All known studies reported in PubMed and Google Scholar have been included. Studies have been conducted on children, high school and college students, adults and seniors, ranging in ages from 7–92 years. Doses of 200–600 mg silk FEH per day for three weeks to 16 weeks have been used. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that silk FEH exhibit beneficial cognitive effects with respect to memory and learning, attention, mental focus, accuracy, memory recall, and overall memory and concentration. These conclusions are supported by studies in rats and mice. Mechanistic studies that have been conducted in animals and cell culture systems are also reviewed. These studies indicate that silk FEH exerts its positive effects on memory and learning by providing neuroprotection via a complex mechanism involving its potent antioxidant and inflammation-inhibiting activities. Acetylcholine (ACh) is secreted by cholinergic neurons, and plays a role in encoding new information. Silk FEH were shown to decrease the levels of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mediators interlukin-1 (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), protecting the cholinergic system from oxidative stress, thus enhancing ACh levels in the brain, which is known to promote cognitive functions. In addition, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), which is involved in the survival of neurons, is enhanced, and an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) occurs, which is known to play a positive role in cognitive functions. No adverse effects have been reported in association with the use of silk FEH.     

心理治疗还是药物治疗

心理治疗与药物治疗是精神病领域的两种治疗模式。心理治疗模式认为,个体精神状况正常与否主要受情绪、人格等心理因素影响,精神疾病由后天环境和生活经历所致;药物治疗模式则认为,精神病及各类神经症都有其生理基础,大脑机能的缺陷是导致精神疾病的主要原因,因此主张用药物进行治疗。尽管两者在精神病治疗中都有自己的优势与不足,但是在科学一统天下的今天,生物学模式似乎成了治疗的主流。要想最终解决心理治疗与药物治疗之争,科学预测精神病治疗的未来及新世纪心理治疗的命运,必须首先解决：（1）心理学的学科体系问题;（2）精神疾病的界定问题以及（3）心身关系问题。     

基于特征域词频的邮件过滤方法的研究

出了根据邮件特征域信息和特征词频进行垃圾邮件过滤的新方法,并介绍在该方法中的文本特征选取、特征词典构造以及基于TF的权值计算等相关技术,以及改进的文本相似度计算概率模型.实验表明该方法在邮件过滤的查全率、查准率等几个性能评价指标上,比传统的Rocchio方法有了明显改善.     

学校心理素质教育评价探析

学校心理素质教育评价是一项系统工程,探讨其基本原则、基本标准、基本过程和主要评价类型及其实施条件,是学校心理素质教育评价首先要解决的理论问题．     

城市化进程中新居民市民化的角色转换与心理适应

从我国城市化进程的现状出发研究新居民市民化,首先涉及的是农民角色和市民角色的界定问题,也涉及到城市化进程中新居民市民化角色转换及其心理适应存在的问题、发展过程以及影响因素,因此要积极促进新居民市民化的角色转变,并采取对策加强心理适应的引导。     

Models and people: An alternative view of the emergent properties of computational models

Computer models can help humans gain insight into the functioning of complex systems. Used for training, they can also help gain insight into the cognitive processes humans use to understand these systems. By influencing humans understanding (and consequent actions) computer models can thus generate an impact on both these actors and the very systems they are designed to simulate. When these systems also include humans, a number of self‐referential relations thus emerge which can lead to very complex dynamics. This is particularly true when we explicitly acknowledge and model the existence of multiple conflicting representations of reality among different individuals. Given the increasing availability of computational devices, the use of computer models to support individual and shared decision making could potentially have implications far wider than the ones often discussed within the Information and Communication Technologies community in terms of computational power and network communication. We discuss some theoretical implications and describe some initial numerical simulations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 202–213, 2016