含氮中孔碳材料的制备及其双氧水分解活性

以三聚氰胺和甲醛作为碳源和氮源,合成三聚氰胺甲醛树脂前驱体(2);采用模板法,以CaCl_2为模板剂,2经高温碳化处理制备孔结构发达的含氮中孔碳材料(NMC),其结构经N_2吸附/脱附、扫描电镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征。不同炭化温度(700℃,800℃,900℃)下所合成的NMC表面氮含量为3.85~10.80at%,比表面积为570~870m~2·g~(-1),中孔孔径为4nm和10nm。以H_2O_2分解反应作为探针反应,考察了NMC的催化活性。结果表明:NMC的催化活性随着碳化温度的升高而增大,碳化温度为900℃的NMC分解H_2O_2的升温速率为6.92℃·min~(-1),循环套用5次后,活性基本维持不变。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱测定蔬菜中灭蝇胺及其代谢物三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱测定蔬菜中灭蝇胺及其代谢物三聚氰胺的方法.蔬菜样品匀浆后经甲醇-水提取,取适量酸化后提取液经阳离子固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液用氮气吹干,残留物用5 mL流动相定容.采用亲水作用色谱(Hilic)分离,在电喷雾-选择反应监测模式下,进行定性和定量分析.以基质校正曲线计算,添加浓度为0.04和0.20 mg/kg时,灭蝇胺的回收率为84.2%～101.3%; 相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.5%～10.7%;三聚氰胺的回收率为72.5%～97.1%; RSD为4.3%～10.8%;灭蝇胺和三聚氰胺的定量限分别为0.01和0.005 mg/kg.利用本方法检测了多种蔬菜样品中灭蝇胺、三聚氰胺的含量.     

鸡蛋中三聚氰胺的表面解吸常压化学电离串联质谱法成像

以表面解吸常压化学电离(SDAPCI)串联质谱中获得的三聚氰胺特征碎片离子(m/z 85)为探针,对熟鸡蛋切面进行二维质谱扫描,用不同颜色表示三聚氰胺信号强度的高低,获得了熟鸡蛋切面中三聚氰胺的质谱影像.三聚氰胺的空间分辨率达0.06 mm2,最小采样面积占成像面积的十万分之五.图像表明,绝大部分三聚氰胺(＞99.8%),分布在蛋清中,但分布不均匀;而蛋黄中基本不含三聚氰胺.     

A liquid phosphorous flame retardant combined with expandable graphite or melamine in flexible polyurethane foam

A systematic series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) with different concentrations of flame retardants, bis([dimethoxyphosphoryl]methyl) phenyl phosphate (BDMPP), and melamine (MA) or expandable graphite (EG) was prepared. The mechanical properties of the FPUFs were evaluated by a universal testing machine. The pyrolysis behaviors and the evolved gas analysis were done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA coupled with Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR), respectively. The fire behaviors were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test for horizontal burning of cellular materials (UL 94 HBF), and cone calorimeter measurement. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the cellular structure's morphology and the postfire char residue of the FPUFs. LOI and UL 94 HBF tests of all the flame retarded samples show improved flame retardancy. BDMPP plays an essential role in the gas phase because it significantly reduces the effective heat of combustion (EHC). This study highlights the synergistic effect caused by the combination of BDMPP and EG. The measured char yield from TGA is greater than the sum of individual effects. No dripping phenomenon occurs during burning for FPUF-BDMPP-EGs, as demonstrated by the result of the UL 94 HBF test. EG performs excellently on smoke suppression during burning, as evident in the result of the cone calorimeter test. MA reduces the peak heat release rate (pHRR) significantly. The synergistic effect of the combination of BDMPP and EG as well as MA offers an approach to enhance flame retardancy and smoke suppression.     

基于场放大进样和石墨烯量子点双重富集毛细管电泳分离检测三聚氰胺和双氰胺

通过热解法制备了硫掺杂的石墨烯量子点(S-GQDs),同石墨烯量子点(GQDs)相比,S原子的引入有效改善了GQDs的表面状态和化学特性、增强其对正电荷的捕获能力,使其更易与阳离子相互作用.以S-GQDs为载体,结合电堆积富集技术,发展了一种基于场放大进样(FASI)和S-GQDs放大的双重富集毛细管电泳(CE)分离检...     

Hydrogen-bonded Supramolecular Rosette Ribbon Constructed from Melamine with Isophthalic Acid

The new complex of melamine （MA） with isophthalic acid （H2IA）, [（HMA^＋）- （HIA^-）]·2H2O, has been prepared and its structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P^-1 with a = 7.0228（6）, b = 9.1706（8）, c = 12.170（1） A, α = 95.337（2）, β = 105.247（2）, γ = 97.813（2）^o, V = 742.3（1） A ^3, Mr= 328.30, Z = 2, Dc = 1.469 g/cm^3, ;λ = 0.71073 A,μ（MoKa） = 0.121 mm^-1 and F（000） = 344. The structure was refined to R = 0.0389 and wR = 0.1093 for 2513 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. Melamine dimer and isophthalic acid anion are interlinked by N-H…N and N-H…O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a 1D rosette ribbon in which water molecules and amino groups are self-assembled into quasihexagonal patterns.     

汽车罩光清漆的固化和降解机理研究(Ⅲ)——核磁共振研究罩光清漆的固化和降解

利用13C交叉极化（CP）和门控高功率去偶（GHPD）二个脉冲序列的魔角旋转核磁共振（MASNMR）技术表征了汽车罩光清漆的固化和降解过程,研究结果表明涂料在固化后形成的丙烯烯酯－三聚氰胺交联,经较长时间的紫外线曝晒,逐步降解,生成少量的三聚氰胺－三聚氰胺交联和丙烯酸酯－丙烯酸酯交联。     

Chemically Crosslinked pH- and Temperature-Sensitive (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Based on New Crosslinker: I. Swelling Behavior

Novel pH- and temperature-sensitive polymer matrices based on N-isopropylacrylamide have been developed. The hydrogels were prepared by bulk radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone in appropriate amounts of distilled water using different mol% of traditional N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and the new synthesized N,N,N-tris acryloyl melamine (MAAm) crosslinkers. Lower critical solution transition temperatures (LCST) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The synthesized hydrogels have LCST lower than 40°C. The influence of environmental conditions such as temperature and pH on the swelling behavior of these polymeric gels was investigated. The swelling behaviors of the resulting gels show pH sensitivity. The crosslinked NIPAAm/VP with MAAm hydrogels exhibited more rapid deswelling rate than NIPAAm/VP hydrogels crosslinked with MBA in pure water in response to abrupt temperature changes from 20°C to 50°C.     

EuPtP,Eu1–xGdxPtP und Eu0,5Sr0,5PtP: Strukturen und Zwischenvalenz

EuPtP, Eu_1–xGd_xPtP, and Eu_0.5Sr_0.5PtP: Structures and Intermediate Valence EuPtP with a strong temperature dependence of the Eu-valency undergoes two first order phase transitions at 235 K (α-/β-form) and 190 K (β-/γ-form). The compound crystallizes in a modified Ni₂In-type structure, the P-atoms (α-, β-EuPtP) and the Pt-atoms too (γ-EuPtP) are shifted towards one of two Eu-layers. Compounds of the series Eu_1–xGd_xPtP and Eu_0.5Sr_0.5PtP crystallize in the same type of structure as α- or β-EuPtP, but don't undergo with x > 0.05 the above mentioned phase transitions. They were studied by L_III—X-ray absorption and susceptibility measurements: The valence of Eu shows roughly the same temperature dependence as in EuPtP, only one magnetic order transition was found. The structural details and the behaviour of these compounds are discussed with a domain picture.     

Flame retarding polyamide 6 with melamine cyanurate and layered silicates

The flammability behavior of the system polyamide 6 (PA 6) + melamine cyanurate (MC) with or without organically modified layered montmorillonite (OMMT) or sodium montmorillonite (Na⁺MMT) was studied. The high degree of flame retardancy (FR) obtained with 13 wt% MC is maintained upon adding up to 0.2 wt% OMMT or Na⁺MMT. Increase mass % of OMMT is antagonistic to the MC effect. The rate of dripping decreases while the size and mass of drops in the UL‐94 tests increases with increasing wt% OMMT indicating increase in viscosity of the melt and decrease in the rate of sublimation of melamine. Addition of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) decreases the viscosity and partially restores the FR rating. Na⁺MMT does not increase the viscosity and the FR ratings are partially preserved. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) in the cone calorimeter decreases with increased loading of OMMT. Addition of Na⁺MMT or PVP has little influence on the PHRR. The time of ignition decreases with increase in OMMT, but is not affected when Na⁺MMT is used. This is explained by the low thermal conductivity of the clay containing surface layer of samples during pyrolysis and combustion. Mechanistic considerations are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.