沸腾回流均相沉淀法合成超细粉体TiO2

采用沸腾回流均相沉淀法，以不同浓度的TiCl4和尿素为原料，制备出超细粉体TiO2，并利用STM及XRD对其进行表征．结果显示TiO2颗粒呈球状，一次粒径为29-34nm，TiCl4浓度较大时TiO2以金红石型为主，TiCl4浓度较小时TiO2为锐钛型、金红石型的混晶．     

CSP热轧低碳钢板轧制过程中析出行为分析

采用H-800透射电镜研究CSP热轧低碳钢轧制过程中析出物形貌、尺寸、及分布等，结果表明：累积变形量较小，变形温度较高时，第二相粒子主要在晶界或相界上形成，数量较少且比较粗大，尺寸多在150nm以上；随着轧制过程的进行，累积变形量的增大和轧制温度的降低，第二相粒子主要在晶内析出，细小、弥散且数量较多，尺寸大多数在20～100nm之间，析出物主要为Al2O3、MnS、Cu7S4和Fe3C。     

纳米粉Ba1-xSrxTiO3的合成

根据液相反应胶粒析出机理及实验原理，制备了Ba1-xSrxTiO3的前驱体(Ti(OH)4、SrCO3,BaCO3),然后经过焙烧，在较低温度(450℃)时是碳酸钡锶和二氧化钛分子状态的混合纳米晶，继续焙烧(900℃)成为发育完整的Ba1-xSrxTiO3纳米粉体，经TEM和XRD表征，平均粒径为100m，粒径分布较窄，分散性良好，XRD表明此纳米粉体为钛酸钡锶Ba1-xSrxTiO3。     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for early precipitation process of Ni75Al10V15 alloy

The kinetic model for a ternary system is introduced based on the microscopic diffusion form of the phase-field equations for a binary alloy. The equation is solved in the reciprocal space. This model is used to investigate the early precipitation process of Ni75-Al10V15 by simulating the atomic pictures of the two ordered phases and calculating the order parameters of γ′(Ni3Al) phase. Simulation results show that the γ′ ordered phases precipitate from the disordered matrix by a non-classical nucleation mechanism, and the nonstoichiometric γ′ ordered phase appears first and then transforms into the stoichiometric one. Clusters of V atoms appear at the γ′ phase boundaries followed by the formation of the nonstoichiometric θ ordered phase. The farther the location from γ′ phase boundary is, the lower the order degree of θ phase is. There exist two kinds of DO22 ordered domains: a horizontal one and a vertical one, related to their adjacent γ′ phase boundaries. The model could describe the atomic ordering and composition clustering simultaneously, and any a priori assumption about the new phase structure and precipitation mechanism etc. is unnecessary.     

Computer simulation for the precipitation process of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy

The precipitation mechanism of Ni75Al7.5V17.5 alloy above the L12 instability line, between the L12 and D022 instability lines and below the D022 instability line are studied using microscopic phase-field kinetic equation. This paper is aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on precipitation mechanism and morphological evolution of the alloy. Our simulations demonstrate that the precipitation is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition above the L12 instability line. It needs certain thermal fluctuations for nucleation and the number of θ phases is small at this temperature. The precipitation mechanism of γ'phase is congruent ordering followed by spinodal decomposition, and θ phase is a mixed mechanism of non-classical nucleation growth and spinodal decomposition between the L12 and D022 instability lines. The mechanism below the D022 instability line is similar to that between the L12 and D022 instability lines. With the decrease of the temperature, ordering and phase separation becomes fast, the dimension of γ'phase becomes small, the shape transforms from equiaxed to block, the dimension of θ phase becomes large and the shape transforms from strip to circle.     

基于质心分析的淮河流域降水时空分布特征

为定量表征淮河流域降水量非均匀性特征,建立年降水质心时间指标,以概化年内降水过程时间分布,从时域、空域、频域3个维度解析流域近55 a降水质心时间的总体格局与演变规律。结果表明:各典型站点近55a降水质心时间序列中全部存在28a的第一主周期;年降水质心时间序列突变年份多发生于1975—1989年,突变主要集中于淮河上中游地区;年降水质心时间序列多呈现不显著的增加趋势,说明流域大部分地区年降水集中期有微弱的后移倾向;年降水质心时间随纬度增加而呈现明显的后推趋势,流域南北地区年降水质心时间可相差20 d左右,经度变化对年降水质心时间没有明显影响;淮河流域暴雨与大雨质心时间普遍迟于其他等级年降水质心时间,流域年降水质心时间对暴雨、大雨较为敏感。     

正火对高Cr马氏体耐热钢组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜(TEM)及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,研究了正火处理对高Cr马氏体耐热钢显微组织、力学性能及断裂机理的影响.结果表明,900~970℃正火后,晶粒尺寸十分细小,在10μm以下.1060~1200℃正火晶粒尺寸迅速增长,1060℃正火晶粒尺寸约为33μm.经过1060℃×2h正火+760℃×3h回火热处理后,室温和600℃高温拉伸屈服强度分别达到535MPa和380MPa,综合力学性能优良,而1060℃长时间正火对力学性能并无明显影响.1060℃×2h正火+760℃×3h回火热处理后得到破碎的晶粒细小回火马氏体组织,晶界上200~300nm M₂₃C₆和晶内5~50nm MX型弥散析出有效地阻碍位错运动,进而提高了材料力学性能.     

高铝熔渣物相析出演变规律研究

以改善高铝渣浸出性能为目标,采用DSC实验和SEM-EDS检测方法,研究了高铝渣控温冷却过程中物相析出规律,考察了降温速率、n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃)和MgO含量对铝酸钙渣物相析出演变规律的影响.结果表明:当降温速率加快时,熔渣凝固过程趋于更大程度的偏析,C₂S相变愈不充分,粒度粗化,劣化了自粉行为和浸出条件;随着调高渣中n(CaO)/n(Al₂O₃),C₁₂A₇的析出温度升高,物相析出活性按照CA→C₁₂A₇→C₃A逐渐增强;当渣中含有MgO时,物相中出现C₂MS₂,不利于C₂S物相转变,更为重要的是MgO富集在含铝物相中形成Q相,显著恶化氧化铝浸出率和收得率.     

Efficient one‐pot synthesis of water‐compatible and photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles by facile RAFT precipitation polymerization

A facile, general, and highly efficient one‐pot approach to obtain azobenzene (azo)‐containing molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles with photoresponsive template binding and release properties in aqueous media is described, which involves the combined use of hydrophilic macromolecular chain transfer agent‐mediated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer precipitation polymerization and easily available water‐insoluble azo functional monomers. The resulting azo‐containing MIPs were characterized with dynamic laser scattering (DLS), SEM, FTIR, static contact angle and water dispersion studies, and equilibrium binding experiments. They have proven to be nanoparticles (their diameters being around 104–397 nm, as determined by DLS in methanol) with surface‐grafted hydrophilic polymer brushes and exhibit excellent pure water‐compatible template binding properties. Moreover, obvious photoregulated template binding behaviors were observed for such azo‐containing MIP nanoparticles, which led to their largely accelerated template release in the aqueous media under the UV light irradiation. Furthermore, the general applicability of the strategy was also demonstrated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1941–1952     

Dislocation driven chromium precipitation in Fe-9Cr binary alloy: a positron lifetime study

The influence of initial heat treatment on anomalous Cr precipitation within high temperature solubility region of the Fe–9Cr alloy has been investigated using positron lifetime studies. Air-quenched samples with pre-existing dislocations exhibited a distinct annealing stage in positron lifetime between 800 and 1100?K corresponding to Cr-precipitation. During this stage, Transmission Electron Microscopy showed fine precipitates of average size 4 nm, dispersed throughout the sample and from Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis they are found to be Cr-enriched. The presence of dislocations is found to be responsible for Cr precipitation.