Critical behavior of the two-dimensional first passage time

We study the two-dimensional first passage problem in which bonds have zero and unit passage times with probabilityp and 1–p, respectively. We prove that as the zero-time bonds approach the percolation thresholdp _c, the first passage time exhibits the same critical behavior as the correlation function of the underlying percolation problem. In particular, if the correlation length obeys(p) ¦p–p _c¦^–v, then the first passage time constant satisfies(p)¦p–p _c¦^v. At p_c, where it has been asserted that the first passage time from 0 tox scales as ¦x¦ to a power with 0<<1, we show that the passage times grow like log ¦x¦, i.e., the fluid spreads exponentially rapidly.     

定时截尾指数模型验前多数的确定

研究在定时有替换截尾试验下，指数模型点估计的验前参数的确定方法，讨论了验前参数的有关性质并给出了确定验前参数取值适合域的方法．最后用例子说明Ｂａｙｅｓ估计“优于”经典估计．     

光电检测系统的带宽选择

本文分析光电检测系统的带宽与系统响应时间及信噪比之间的关系。提出在方案设计时根据所要求的响应时间和最佳信噪比初步确定带宽的方法。     

Infraglottic aspect of canine vocal fold vibration: Effect of increase of mean airflow rate and lengthening of vocal fold

The mucosal upheaval (MU), where the mucosal wave starts and propagates upward, appears only when the vocal fold vibrates. The location of the MU histologically and the effect of changes in mean air flow rate (MFR) and vocal fold length on occurrence of the MU were studied in twelve excised canine larynges. The lower surface of the vocal fold was marked to serve as a landmark for subsequent study. Cricothyroid approximation was performed to lengthen the vocal fold. After taking high-speed pictures or recording stroboscopic images from the tracheal side, a small cut wound was made at the mark. This wound served to compare the position of the MU with the histologically identified location of the mark. The larynx was then sectioned in the frontal plane. Before lengthening the vocal fold, the MU occurred on the area where the lamina propria became thinner and where the muscular layer neared the epithelial layer. After lengthening the vocal fold, the MU actually shifted medially compared with its original position. The subglottic area surrounded by the bilateral MUs became longer and thinner. Whether or not complete glottal closure during a vibratory cycle was achieved did not alter these findings. In contrast, with a fixed vocal fold length the MU appeared more laterally as MFR increased, but, based on the relation with the mark, its location on the vocal fold did not change from its original position before increase of MFR.     

时标上二阶广义Emden-Fowler型动态方程的振荡性

研究了时标上的一类具有阻尼项的二阶广义Emden-Fowler型泛函动态方程的振荡性,利用时标上的微积分理论和广义的Riccati变换及不等式技巧,建立了该方程振荡的若干判别准则, 推广且改进了一些已有的结果,并用具体实例来说明本文的主要结论。     

Sub‐picosecond Raman spectrometer for time‐resolved studies of structural dynamics in heme proteins

We describe a pump–probe Raman spectrometer based on a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser, an optical parametric generator and two optical parametric amplifiers for time‐resolved studies, with emphasis on the structural dynamics in heme proteins. The system provides a 100‐fs pump pulse tunable in the range 500–600 nm and a transform‐limited sub‐picosecond probe pulse tunable in the range 390–450 nm. The spectrometer has spectral (25 cm⁻¹) and temporal (∼0.7 ps) resolutions which constitute an effective compromise for identifying transient heme protein species and for following their structural evolution by spontaneous Raman scattering in the time range 0.5 ps to 2 ns. This apparatus was applied to time‐resolved studies of a broad range of heme proteins, monitoring the primary dynamics of photoinduced heme coordination state and structural changes, its interaction with protein side‐chains and diatomic gaseous ligands, as well as heme vibrational cooling. The treatment of transient Raman spectra is described in detail, and the advantages and shortcomings of spontaneous resonance Raman spectroscopy for ultrafast heme proteins studies are discussed. We demonstrate the efficiency of the constructed spectrometer by measuring Raman spectra in the sub‐picosecond and picosecond time ranges for the oxygen‐storage heme protein myoglobin and for the oxygen‐sensor heme protein FixLH in interaction with the diatomic gaseous ligands CO, NO, and O₂. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical derivation of a formula for the reduction of computation time by the voxel crossing technique used in room acoustical simulation

Computation times of room acoustical simulation algorithms still suffer from the time consuming search for ray-wall-intersections. Spatial subdivision may speed up ray tracing considerably. For room acoustics, where the number of surface polygons (walls) is not so high, the voxel technique appears suitable. The voxel crossing algorithm is very fast. However, its performance was not yet investigated up to now. Voxels are small cubes by which the space is subdivided periodically. The advantage: Only in the rare case a voxel intersects a wall the intersection point needs to be computed. In this paper, by estimating the probabilities of such intersections, an analytical formula is derived, by which the optimum degree of spatial subdivision and the factor of acceleration of the algorithm can be forecasted. It turns out that the computation time increases only with instead of with K₀ (the number of polygons of the room). Thus, on a modern PC, computation time for a full room acoustical simulation even for highly complicated rooms may be reduced by a factor in the order of 100, i.e. to a few seconds.     

新时代背景下大学物理基础课程教学的讨论

本文讨论的是＂以怎样的理念实施大学物理基础课程教学,才能使学生的学习训练获得最大收益＂.文章首先回顾近30年来教学思想随时代发展的变化,然后提出新时代背景下大学物理基础课程教学＂以学生为中心,使广大学生在知识、能力、素质上获得全面提高＂的新理念.     

信息技术在美国大学物理课程中的应用——以美国俄亥俄州立大学为例

随着信息时代的来临,信息技术作为新型的教学工具逐步走进了校园,进入了课堂,成为现代化教学不可缺少的手段和教学改革的利器.文章根据作者在美国访学一年的经历,以美国俄亥俄州立大学为例,详细介绍信息技术在美国大学工科物理主要教学环节中的应用,并对中美大学在信息化建设方面的差异进行总结;通过比较可以看到,国内在信息技术常态化以及将信息技术深入融合到教学的具体环节方面和美国还存在有一定差距,需要进一步加强.     

液体冷媒融霜系统回液时间的实验研究

对液体冷媒融霜系统的回液时间进行实验研究。在保温体温度-15℃工况下分别对回液时间7s、27s、25s、30s、40s、50s进行实验,记录并分析被融霜蒸发器融霜前和回液时间内压缩机吸气口的温度和压力变化,相机拍摄制冷压缩机吸气口和机身的结霜状况。实验表明:回液时间7s时,压缩机吸气过潮,回液时间在27s左右可以避免压缩机吸气过潮,确保系统安全正常的运行,大于27s被融霜蒸发器恢复制冷时间过长将影响库房温度的稳定并降低制冷系统的效率。