食品中化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解规律及筛查技术研究进展

食品中化学性有害物是导致食品安全问题的重要原因，质谱是对食品中化学性有害物进行定性定量分析的有效方法。该文按照化合物结构类别，综述了食品中重要化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解机理，包括农药、兽药、真菌毒素，以及其他化学污染物。对于每类化合物，重点综述化合物质谱裂解产生的特征碎片、中性丢失等，以及这些质谱软电离裂解机理在食品中化学性有害物筛查及发现中的应用。研究化合物的质谱裂解机理可以帮助研究者对化合物进行结构解析和结构确证，为食品中同类结构新型化学性有害物的发掘提供理论依据。     

Some exact expressions for the mean and higher moments of functions of sample moments

Examples of exact expressions for the moments (mainly of the mean) of functions of sample moments are given. These provide checks on alternative developments such as asymptotic series for n, and simulation processes. Exact expressions are given for the mean of the square of the sample coefficient of variation, particularly in uniform sampling; Frullani integrals studied by G. H. Hardy arise. It should be kept in mind that exact results for (joint) moment generating functions (mgfs) are of interest as they produce a means of obtaining exact results for (cross) moments—including moments with negative indices. Thus an exact expression for the joint mgf of the 1st two noncentral moments can be used to obtain the mean of the (c.v.)² (but not for the mean of the c..). A general expression is given for the moment generating function of the sample variance. The limitations of Fisher's symbolic formula for the characteristic function of sample moments (or more general statistics) are noted.This research was sponsored by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Research program, Office of Energy Research, U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0584OR21400 with the Martin Marietta Energy Systems. Inc.     

Method and algorithm of obtaining the molecular intrinsic characteristic contours (MICCs) of organic molecules

The molecular intrinsic characteristic contour (MICC) is defined as the set of all the classical turning points of electron movement in a molecule. Studies on the MICCs of some medium organic molecules, such as dimethylether, acetone, and some homologues of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, as well as the electron density distributions on the MICCs, are shown for the first time. Results show that the MICC is an intrinsic approach to shape and size of a molecule. Unlike the van der Waals hard-sphere model, the MICC is a smooth contour, and it has a clear physical meaning. Detailed investigations on the cross-sections of MICCs have provided a kind of important information about atomic size changing in the process of forming molecules. Studies on electron density distribution on the MICC not only provide a new insight into molecular shape, but also show that the electron density distribution on the boundary surface relates closely with molecular properties and reactivities. For the homologues of alkanes, Rout(H), Dmin, and Dmax (the minimum and maximum of electron density on the MICC), all have very good linear relationships with minus of the molecular ionization potential. This work may serve as a basis for exploring a new reactivity indicator of chemical reactions and for studying molecular shape properties of large organic and biological molecules.     

Theory on the molecular characteristic contour (II)--Molecular intrinsic characteristic contours of several typical organic molecules

The molecular intrinsic characteristic contour (MICC) is defined based on the classical turning point of electron movement in a molecule. Three typical organic molecules, I.e. Methane, methanol and formic acid, were employed as examples for detailed introduction of our method. Investigations on the cross-sections of MICC provide important information about atomic size changing in the process of forming molecules. The electron density distributions on the MICCs of these molecules were calculated and shown for the first time. Results showed that the electron density distribution on the MICC correlates closely with molecular chemical properties, and it provides a new insight into molecular boundary.     

水帘极板静电除尘模型的收集性能实验研究

建立了水帘极板电除尘器实验模型,研究了其电晕特性,以及极距、电场风速、水帘流量、供电电压、初始粉尘浓度等参数对除尘效率的影响.结果表明:水帘形成好坏对V-I特性曲线有一定影响,水帘流量影响形成水帘好坏的程度,因而影响除尘效率;极距对除尘效率有较大影响,极距300mm时除尘效率最高;供电电压对除尘效率的影响较为明显,随着电压的升高除尘效率也升高;风速增大除尘效率降低,初始粉尘浓度对除尘效率影响较小.     

谈谈企业全面业绩指标评价方法——平衡计分卡

分析了传统财务性业绩指标评价方法的缺陷，论述了非财务性业绩指标的几个方面，包括质量评价、交货效率评价、企业应变和创新能力评价、对雇员的评价、对售后服务的评价和对客户的评价等，并阐明了非财务性业绩指标评价方法的特点，进而认为将二者有机结合的平衡计分卡评价方法更具科学性和全面性，因而应是企业生产经营和管理的最优选择。     

有理Bezier曲线的拼接

有理Bezier曲线作为有理B样条曲线的特例,正得到越来越多的研究,并在CAD/CAM领域中得到越来越广泛的应用.依据Bezier曲线理论,研究了有理Bezier曲线的拼接问题,给出了两条邻接任意次有理Bezier曲线间G1和G2连续条件.     

设计模式及其在软件设计中的应用研究

总结了不同模式适用于不同应用的一般规律，分析了常用模式的内涵及侧重点，提出了设计模式应用于软件设计的策略，即抽象求解问题、划分问题类型、模式初选、模式匹配、根据问题进行模式变体、软件体系结构细化、设计优化、性能优化及设计质量度量．通过电力行业绘图平台的实际应用，给出了基于软件度量标准下的系统稳定性参数的计算方法．分析与实地测试表明，所提策略能够优化软件的设计及性能，为使用者提供了一种快速选取设计模式的途径．     

惠民凹陷古近系碎屑岩储集体成因类型及特征分析

对惠民凹陷在古近系碎屑岩储集体的成因特征进行了分析研究.发现成因类型有:冲积扇、河流、近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、深水浊积扇、三角洲、三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇以及滨浅湖滩坝.储层岩石类型有砾岩、含砾砂岩、中细砂岩及粉砂岩.不同成因类型的碎屑岩储集体成分成熟度和结构成熟度差异较大,三角洲河口坝及滨浅湖滩坝砂体成分成熟度和结构成熟度最高.不同成因类型储集体的物性特征不同,三角洲平原分支河道、(扇)三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体储集物性最好,其次为(扇)三角洲前缘席状砂及滨浅湖滩坝砂体,近岸水下扇和浊积扇砂体物性相对较差.     

鄂尔多斯盆地侯北地区三叠系延长组长6储层特征

鄂尔多斯盆地侯北地区三叠系延长组长6储集岩大部分为细粒长石砂岩,少数为细粒岩屑长石砂岩.孔隙度在10%～15%之间,渗透率在(0.1～1.0)×10-3μm2之间,以低孔、低渗、较强的非均质性为特点.长6沉积于三角洲前缘环境,水下分流河道中发育储集砂体.稳定的大地构造条件和沉积环境有利于大面积、较厚的砂体形成.方解石、浊沸石和绿泥石等自生矿物沉淀压实作用,大大降低了原始沉积物孔隙度,长石、中基性火山岩岩屑及浊沸石溶蚀作用产生了相当数量的粒内溶蚀孔和胶结物溶蚀孔.