A new biphenyl derivative from an unidentified marine fungus E33

A new biphenyl derivative 3,5′-dihydroxy-4′,5-dimethoxy-2′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1), was isolated from the culture broth of a fungus isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mangrove root on the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was determined by comprehensive spectroscopic methods, primarily 2D NMR techniques. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 128–129, March–April, 2008.     

Optical behavior of antibiofouling additives in environment‐friendly coverglass materials for bio‐sensors and solar panels

Solar panels and bio‐optical sensors play a significant and growing role in a number of applications that are of importance to many organizations. Many of these instruments require a high transmission of radiation into the device for it to work properly. A major issue faced is that harsh marine environments often aid in the growth or development of fouling on the coverglass used to protect the instruments. Over a period of time in an ocean environment, some plant or animal may attach itself to the coverglass, ultimately obscuring the glass and rendering the instrument useless. As such, an antifouling mechanism is needed for these instruments that is inexpensive, long‐lasting, and environment friendly. The approach discussed herein involves the use of known antifouling chemicals which have been incorporated into the polymer matrix. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bisphenol A polycarbonate (Bis A PC), and a co‐polyterephthalate (CPTE) were examined. The plaques are optically transparent and previous work has shown that, for most samples, the materials display a minimal decrease in mechanical behavior upon the addition of the algaecides. This paper will discuss the effects on the materials' optical properties when exposed to both harsh marine conditions as well as high intensity UV light. Specifically, the decrease in transmission of visible light was examined over a 6 month period of time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

资源定位的海洋功能区划和沿海城市概念规划

不同的使用者和部门在海洋资源利用上的矛盾冲突往往导致海洋资源的无序开发，甚至破坏海洋生态系统．海洋功能区划是解决上述冲突的一种有效手段．然而目前无论是理论上还是实践上对于海洋功能区划的认识还存在一定的不足．文章以浙江省宁波市象山港的海洋功能区划作为研究案例，根据资源定位原则，将象山港划分为7个海区，并应用环境经济学的分析方法确定了全海域和各海区的主导功能．文章还以厦门市为例，介绍了如何将海洋功能区划结合到沿海城市的概念规划中．资源定位的海洋功能区划对沿海城市的资源持续利用和发展战略的制定有长远的指导意义．     

Environmental sources and sinks of alkyllead compounds

Evidence is presented in favour of a natural environmental alkylation process as a source of atmospheric vapour-phase alkyllead. Several species of marine flora have been cultured under laboratory conditions with added doses of inorganic lead, and production of alkyllead, predominantly trimethyllead (Me₃Pb⁺), has been measured. Atmospheric concentrations and ratios of alkyl and inorganic lead at urban, rural and remote sites suggest that differential decay and deposition processes for different species, together with an environmental alkylation source, may explain enhanced ratios of total alkyllead/total lead in maritime air masses.     

Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations

The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）, the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation.     

Structure elucidation of three diphenyl ether derivatives from the mangrove endophytic fungus SBE‐14 from the South China Sea

Two new natural products, tenelate A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), together with the known compound, tenellic acid C ( 3 ), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. (SBE‐14), from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场环境因子初探

根据舟山海洋渔业公司近3年在东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀钓作业记载的日志和生产统计资料,初步分析了东海南部暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的环境因子,结果表明:暗鳍兔头鲀渔场的变动和渔获量与水温环境因子的关系较为密切.当水温在17～23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高大致增加;当水温高于23℃时,暗鳍兔头鲀渔获量随着温度的升高反而降低;黑潮、台湾暖流、冷水团等海流的变化影响着暗鳍兔头鲀渔场范围大小及其移动,近3年渔场基本稳定在26°0'～28°30'N,122°30'～126°00'E的海域;浮游生物的分布与垂直移动影响暗鳍兔头鲀栖息集群及鲀钓渔法,暗鳍兔头鲀作业渔场的浮游生物量为25~50 mg/m3.     

EOF分解方法反演海浪参数的有效性研究

【目的】进一步确认经验正交函数(EOF)分解处理导航X波段雷达图像序列方法的有效性。【方法】基于两套导航X波段雷达同步观测的实验数据,利用经验正交函数分解算法反演海浪的有效波高(SWH)、峰值周期、主波波向和主波波长。【结果】4种参数均方根误差分别为0.1~0.2m,0.6~0.9s,5.01°和7.09m。【结论】经验正交函数分解反演不同海浪参数的方法适用于处理近岸海区的非均匀波浪场。     

海相固化土抗压强度特性试验研究

为探讨固化剂对某地海相土的固化效果,制备了固化剂掺量10%~14%,压实度94%~98%的固化土试样,经标准养护后,分别进行了7~180 d养护时间的无侧限抗压强度试验.试验结果表明:尽管固化土的无侧限抗压强度都分别随压实度和固化剂掺量的增大而增大,但对掺量为10%和12%的固化土来说,提高压实度,其强度增加则更为明显,而对于压实度为98%的固化土来说,增加掺量并不能有效增加其28 d之前的强度.另外,固化土的无侧限抗压强度随时间增长而增大,但超过90 d后已趋于稳定.     

南海海水腐蚀站站位变迁对腐蚀及生物污损的影响初探

为研究实海试验站建设存在的问题,结合南海榆林试验站50多年的运行情况和新建南海三亚试验站近几年的试验,对污损群落的组成变化及对金属腐蚀的影响进行初步梳理和讨论。对海港试验站及海港试验3点初步体会如下:(1)海洋腐蚀受污损生物左右,污损生物种类和数量对不同金属的腐蚀产生较大影响;(2)海洋腐蚀试验站不仅要考虑海域(黄海、东海、南海等),同时要考虑到与污损生物有关的水体环境分类影响。在同一海区,又可因污损生物因素分为港湾型、近岸型、河口型。榆林港属于港湾型,新建的三亚站属于近岸型,榆林站的腐蚀实验结果和新站的完全不同;(3)新建海洋腐蚀试验站要进行该站海域的污损生物调查和评估,生物因素和物理、化学因素同等重要。因此,在进行实海试验时,除标明海区,还需要标明生物分类区。