Adoption of Common Schemes for Single and Sequential Extractions of Trace Metal in Soils and Sediments

Abstract

The various methods for determining the mode of occurrence of trace metals in sediments and soils have a long history which dates back to the determinations of the availability of metals for plant nutrition performed earlier. Various methods have been developed in the 70′s and 80′s dealing with both single and sequential extraction schemes. Although some schemes received wide acceptance, none of them developed into a commonly accepted procedure. As a result, the information obtained was site-specific and the interpretation of the results scientist-specific. The workshop on single and sequential extraction in sediments and soils held at Sitges     

石榴枯萎病的生防木霉菌株的筛选及鉴定

目的 石榴枯萎病是由甘薯长喙壳菌引起,对石榴有严重危害的土传病害。利用拮抗微生物抑制病原菌的繁殖是石榴枯萎病绿色防控的有效手段。通过筛选具有对石榴枯萎病原菌产生拮抗效果的微生物,研究其抑制菌作用,以期为石榴枯萎病生物防控提供菌种资源。方法 从石榴的根际土壤中分离出真菌,根据产孢量、生长速率、拮抗系数及平板对峙结果进行筛选,对防效较好的真菌根据形态学和分子系统学进行鉴定,通过盆栽实验评估其对石榴枯萎病的防治效果。结果 能有效抑制石榴枯萎病菌菌丝的生长的菌株T9经鉴定为非洲哈茨木霉菌（Trichoderma afroharzianum）,盆栽防治效果最高可达71.35%。结论 该菌株展现出了对石榴枯萎病的生物防治效果,具有应用价值。     

7种化学杀菌剂和拮抗菌代谢物对苹果斑点落叶病菌的抑制活性及增效组合筛选

目的 为苹果斑点落叶病的防控提供新颖的杀菌剂及其增效组合。方法 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种化学杀菌剂、拮抗菌发酵代谢物及其复配剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌的抑制活性。结果 7种化学杀菌剂均对病菌有较强的抑制活性,其中戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑3种药剂对病菌抑制效果最佳,EC₅₀分别达0.21、0.30和0.81 μg/mL,其次为吡唑醚菌酯、代森锰锌和嘧菌酯。多菌灵的抑菌效果最差,EC₅₀为15.03 μg/mL。生防菌发酵上清液和发酵上清粗提物对病菌的EC₅₀分别为2.38 μL/mL和0.53 μL/mL。发酵上清液粗提物和代森锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯的复配均表现为增效作用,其中体积比6∶4和7∶3达最大毒性比,分别为1.39和1.41。结论 戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑对苹果斑点落叶病菌的毒力最大。解淀粉芽孢杆菌SJ1606所产粗提物对化学杀菌剂代森锰锌和吡唑醚菌酯具有增效作用,为后续农药新制剂研发提供了参考数据。     

广西涉海工程项目建设对海洋环境的影响分析

分析广西涉海工程项目建设现状及其对海洋环境的影响,提出海洋环境保护建议,为广西海洋资源的可持续利用和海洋经济的可持续发展提供参考.     

原核生物概况及海洋原核生物组成

概述原核生物及其分类,细菌域和古菌域主要成员构成状况,海洋原核生物的主要类别、属群组成及海洋细菌和海洋古菌的组成。     

水生生物病原核酸适配体研究进展

核酸适配体(Aptamer)是指利用指数富集配体系统进化(Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)技术筛选得到的能特异性识别和结合靶标的ssDNA或RNA分子,具有高亲和力和高特异性的特点,在快速检测和靶向治疗方面应用广阔。近年来,水生生物细菌和病毒性病原疾病的频繁暴发,严重制约了水生态的健康以及水产养殖业的迅速发展。核酸适配体作为一种新型的识别分子,在水生生物病原的应用上也已取得了一些进展。本文对水生生物细菌和病毒性病原核酸适配体的筛选,及其在检测和治疗领域的研究现状进行综述,并对该领域核酸适配体技术的应用方向进行展望。     

用改进的传输线算法计算水平层状横向同性地层中海洋可控源电磁响应

利用二维Fourier变换与电磁场分解技术将层状横向同性地层中Maxwell方程转化成两个独立的关于横磁(TM)波和横电(TE)波的传输线方程; 借助传输线理论与叠加原理, 仅利用电流源传输线Green函数得到TM波和TE波的解, 改进传输线算法, 建立横向同性地层中频率-波数域电流源电场和磁场并矢Green函数的新算法与新的解析表达式, 提高海洋可控源电磁响应数值模拟效率. 在此基础上, 利用传输线Green函数的基本解以及边界条件, 推导出广义反射系数与振幅递推公式, 得到各个地层中传输线Green函数的解析解; 然后利用Fourier逆变换与Bessel公式将海洋可控源电磁响应表示为Sommerfeld形式的积分, 借助三次样条插值与Lommel积分公式快速计算其数值解. 通过数值模拟结果考察工作频率以及地层各向异性电阻率变化等对海洋电磁响应的影响. 关键词： 传输线法 横向同性地层 海洋可控源电磁 Sommerfeld积分     

NMR Analysis of a Complex Spin System from a Siruo-Chamigrene

The compound 2,10-dibromo-3-chloro-8-hydroxy-β-chamigrene was analysed in detail by NMR Spectroscopy. the complete assignment of the signals in the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra and the determination of the relative configurations were achieved by 2D NMR techniques, AM1 data and ¹H spectrum simulation. Comparisons of the results with related spiro chamigrene systems are also presented.     

Examining the possibilities of applying high pressure to preserve yoghurt supplemented with probiotic bacteria

Natural yoghurt was subject to pressures of 200 and 250 MPa/4 and 18°C/15 min, after which milk-activated inocula of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. were added. The yoghurts were stored for 4 weeks at refrigeration temperature. After preparation and each week of storage, the count of bacteria, acidity, antibacterial property and an organoleptic assessment was determined. The highest survival rate was demonstrated by the bacteria of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. in the yoghurt pressurised 200 MPa/15min at 4°C. Acidity increases in the control yoghurts were higher than in the pressurised ones. Pressurised yoghurts demonstrated weaker antibacterial effect in comparison to control yoghurts. Slight changes in the smell and taste were observed after pressurisation. Yoghurts pressurised at 18°C were characterised by more favourable organoleptic properties. Better conciseness of the curd and lower whey seep out were observed in pressurised yoghurt.     

Teil II: Ergebnisse bei der Bestrahlung einzelner Nahrungsmittelgruppen (Zusammenfassender Bericht)

Nachdem im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit [170] einige Grundprobleme der Nahrungsmittelbestrahlung behandelt wurden, sollen nun die bei der Bestrahlung wichtiger Nahrungsmittelgruppen erzielten Ergebnisse dargelet und eine Einschätzung der Entwicklungstendenzen versucht werden.