装备制造业环境技术创新效率及其影响因素研究——基于DEA-Malmquist和Tobit的实证分析

运用2005~2011年中国装备制造业的面板数据,采用熵值法测度中国装备制造业的环境污染指数,应用DEA-Malmquist方法在考虑环境污染和能源消耗问题的基础上测度中国各类装备制造业环境技术创新效率,应用Tobit回归分析法对影响中国装备制造业环境技术创新效率的因素进行分析。研究结果表明:中国装备制造业的环境污染指数呈现下降—上升—下降的趋势;中国装备制造业的总体环境技术创新效率呈现先上升再下降的趋势,技术效率持续上升,技术退步是导致环境技术创新效率后期下降的原因;市场竞争、资本深化和外资引进对环境技术创新效率的提升具有显著的推动作用。     

基于GSPN的实施延迟策略生产系统建模与性能分析

延迟策略是协调市场需求变化的绝对性和生产系统相对稳定性矛盾的一个重要战略手段。为分析实施延迟策略生产系统的性能,利用随机广义Petri-net(GSPN)的建模分析方法,并根据GSPN与马尔科夫链的同构关系,将GSPN模型转化成为等价的马尔科夫链模型。通过马尔科夫链及相关数学方法获得实施延迟策略生产系统的主要性能指标。该方法不仅可以分析实施延迟策略生产系统的整体性能,而且能够对系统的各个环节运作效率做出定量分析。最后,通过算例分析验证了该方法的科学性与有效性,丰富了延迟策略研究方面的方法理论。     

单光纤光纤陀螺的原理及应用前景

单光纤光纤陀螺是全光纤光纤陀螺的一种,它具有低成本、高可靠性、易于工程化的优点。它是应用在线制作技术,在一根光纤上制作光器件,形成无焊接点的光路。在线技术包括光纤环缠绕技术、耦合器制作技术、偏振器制作技术、发光模块制作和光接收模块制作技术等。详细地介绍了其原理、关键技术及生产工艺,并提出了提高其性能的措施。在分析不同型号单光纤光纤陀螺性能的基础上展望了其应用前景。随着单光纤光纤陀螺生产工艺的改进和信号处理技术的提高,将会进一步提高其性能、降低成本,促进光纤陀螺的普及和应用。     

集群经济下重庆制造产业信息化服务平台建设模式

重庆是中国的老工业基地,由机械、兵工、冶金等传统产业为主构成的制造业是该市经济的主要支柱.该产业在长期的发展与演变过程中,形成了以长安、嘉陵等大型集团为核心,各相关配套厂为协作单位的集群性中间体制组织,这类组织运作灵活,效率较高,但面对高度信息化的市场竞争,也存在由于资源不对等而导致的产业集群供应链效益较差等问题.针对重庆制造产业集群的特点及缺陷,提出了通过信息化应用服务平台的建设提升集群经济环境下的企业创新及综合竞争能力的对策,并对制造产业集群信息化服务平台的建设和运作机制进行了研究.     

产品全生命周期中的制造信息模型

为了定义和表达产品在各个生命周期阶段的数据并且建立及维护数据之间的联系, 将产品全生命周期划分为五个阶段:需求分析、概念设计、工程设计、加工制造、服务支持.按照所划分的阶段,提出了将存储于分布式数据库中的所有相关产品数据和文档通过逻辑映射成产品需求模型、概念模型、工程设计模型、制造模型和服务支持模型的产品全生命周期模型体系框架.在此基础上重点构建了产品制造阶段的模型,包括零件工艺信息模型、产品装配信息模型和企业工艺资源模型.     

具有复杂内型面零件的快速集成制造工艺

提出了一种快速集成制造具有复杂内型面零件的新工艺.该工艺采用RE与CAD技术共同获取零件的三维CAD模型,使用RP与RT技术对其进行快速制造,集中体现了反求技术在快速集成制造系统中的优势.     

增材制造医用多孔钛合金研究与应用现状

钛合金具有良好的力学性能和生物相容性,被认为是一种理想的植入体材料。但致密钛合金的弹性模量较高,在植入人体后与骨之间存在应力遮挡现象,易引发植入体松动。采用增材制造技术制备的多孔钛合金能够很好地解决这一问题。从多孔结构的设计方法与增材制造的原理入手,综述了增材制造多孔钛合金在力学性能方面的研究现状以及在生物医疗领域的研究与应用进展,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,指出今后可在以下4方面对医用多孔钛合金展开深入研究：1）研发更先进的成型设备以提高多孔钛合金的成型质量与成型效率;2）对多孔结构进行仿生化设计,将高力学性能与高生物性能有机结合;3）通过对Gibson-Ashby模型进行修正,可获得更为准确的力学性能预测结果;4）开发新型钛合金材料以提高多孔钛合金的生物相容性。     

A dynamic programming based heuristic for the assembly line balancing problem

The simple assembly line balancing problem is the simplification of a real problem associated to the assignment of the elementary tasks required for assembly of a product in an assembly line. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature for more than half a century. The present work proposes a new procedure to solve the problem we call Bounded Dynamic Programming. This use of the term Bounded is associated not only with the use of bounds to reduce the state space but also to the reduction of such space based on heuristics. This procedure is capable of obtaining an optimal solution rate of 267 out of 269 instances, which have been used in previous works, thus obtaining the best-known performance for the problem. These results are an improvement from any previous procedure found in the literature even when using smaller computing times.     

Data preparation using data quality matrices for classification mining

Data mining aims to find patterns in organizational databases. However, most techniques in mining do not consider knowledge of the quality of the database. In this work, we show how to incorporate into classification mining recent advances in the data quality field that view a database as the product of an imprecise manufacturing process where the flaws/defects are captured in quality matrices. We develop a general purpose method of incorporating data quality matrices into the data mining classification task. Our work differs from existing data preparation techniques since while other approaches detect and fix errors to ensure consistency with the entire data set our work makes use of the apriori knowledge of how the data is produced/manufactured.     

Fuzzy extensions to Integer Programming models of cell-formation problems in machine scheduling

Cell formation has received much attention from academicians and practitioners because of its strategic importance to modern manufacturing practices. Existing research on cell formation problems using integer programming (IP) has achieved the target of solving problems that simultaneously optimise: (a) cell formation, (b) machine-cell allocation, and (c) part-machine allocation. This paper will present extensions of the IP model where part-machine assignment and cell formation are addressed simultaneously, and also a significant number of constraints together with an enhanced objective function are considered. The main study examines the integration of inter-cell movements of parts and machine set-up costs within the objective function, and also the combination of machine set-up costs associated with parts revisiting a cell when part machine operation sequence is taken into account. The latter feature incorporates a key set of constraints which identify the number of times a part travels back to a cell for a later machine operation. Due to two main drawbacks of IP modelling for cell formation, i.e. (a) only one objective function can be involved and (b) the decision maker is required to specify precisely goals and constraints, fuzzy elements like fuzzy constraints and fuzzy goals will be considered in the proposed model. Overall the paper will not only include an extended and enhanced integer programming model for assessing the performance of cell formation, but also perform a rigorous study of fuzzy integer programming and demonstrate the feasibility of achieving better and faster clustering results using fuzzy theory.